Periodontal Treatment Reduces Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis

Abstract

Background Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of host-derived proteinases reported to mediate multiple functions associated with periodontal destruction and inflammation. We have previously reported high MMP levels in African-American children with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP). However, little is known about MMP reductions in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after therapy. This study aimed to evaluate MMP levels in the GCF following treatment of LAP and to correlate these levels with clinical response. Methods GCF samples were collected from 29 African-American individuals diagnosed with LAP. GCF was collected from one diseased site (pocket depth [PD]>4mm, bleeding on probing [BoP] and clinical attachment level [CAL] ≥2mm) and one healthy site (PD≤3mm, no BoP) from each individual at baseline, 3 and 6 months after periodontal treatment, which consisted of full-mouth SRP and systemic antibiotics. The volume of GCF was controlled using a calibrated gingival fluid meter and levels of MMP-1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 12 and 13 were assessed using fluorometric kits. Results MMP-1, 8, 9 12, and 13 levels were reduced significantly up to 6 months, at which point were comparable with healthy sites. Significant correlations were noted between MMP-2, 3, 8, 9, 12 and 13 levels and % of sites with PD>4mm. MMP-3, 12 and 13 levels also correlated with mean pocket depth of affected sites. Conclusion Treatment of LAP with SRP and systemic antibiotics was effective in reducing the local levels specific MMPs in African-American individuals, which correlated positively with some clinical parameters.

Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy Reduces Saliva Adipokine and Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels in Periodontitis

“…However, many adipokines have been reported to have proinflammatory features and contribute to tissue breakdown in periodontitis 4 , 6 , 28 . MMPs are a family of zinc‐ and calcium‐dependent proteolytic enzymes that are secreted by immune cells and are responsible for the breakdown of periodontal soft and hard tissue in periodontitis 32 . Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between adipokines and MMPs, which is responsible for the tissue breakdown in periodontitis, and to evaluate the changes after periodontal treatment.…”

“…Cytokines such as IL‐1β and IL‐8, and various hormones and growth factors that are released in the inflammatory process, lead to the release of MMPs from the inflammatory cells, which eventually lead to extracellular matrix degeneration 31 . MMP‐8 and MMP‐13 are thought to be indicators of tissue damage in periodontitis 30 , 32 , 33 …”

The Effects of Adjunctive Doxycycline in Initial Periodontal Therapy to The Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1

“…Araştırmacılar periodontal hastalıktan etkilenmiş dokularda yaptıkları incelemede periodontitis hastalarından alınan ilk gün MMP-1, 2, 3, 9 değerlerini sağlıklı bireylere göre artmış ve TIMP-1, 2'de azalmış olarak gözlemlemişlerdir (23). Yapılan birçok çalışmada MMP seviyeleri tedavi öncesi ve tedavi sonrası 3. ay ve 6. ay verileri karşılaştırılmıştır (24,25). 1 ay veya daha kısa dönem takip edilen, tedavi dönemindeki MMP değişimlerinin incelendiği çalışmalara literatürde rastlanmamıştır.…”

“…Çalışmamızda tedavi öncesi MMP-1 seviyesi test grubunda tedavi sonrasında artmıştır. Bu sonuç, literatürde daha uzun aralıklarla yapılan çalışmalar ile örtüşmemektedir (24,25). Yapılan çalışmalar sıklıkla 6 hafta ve daha uzun süreli takipler şeklinde yapılmıştır (19,20).…”

Cimetidine Reduces Interleukin‐6, Matrix Metalloproteinases‐1 and ‐9 Immunoexpression in the Gingival Mucosa of Rat Molars With Induced Periodontal Disease

“…21,23,24 It is known that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and remodeling in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. [25][26][27] Enhanced production of collagenases such as MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13 causes degradation to collagen fibril, which is the main component of periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. MMP-2 and MMP-9, known as gelatinases, also have marked participation in the breakdown of ECM during periodontitis.…”