Periodontitis and mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk: Novel insights and future perspectives

Mesa, Francisco; Magán‐Fernández, Antonio; Castellino, Giuseppa; Chianetta, Roberta; Nibali, Luigi; Rizzo, Manfredi

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.001

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The link between periodontitis and low HDL could be periodontal infection and inflammation [36]. Certain bacteria can also increase VLDL and small dense LDL levels and induce selective proteolysis of apoprotein B-100, supporting the role of lipoproteins in linking periodontitis and atherosclerosis [3].…”

Section: Periodontitis and Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Brain natriuretic peptides, released from ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to pressure and volume overload, were also increased in patients with periodontitis, related to severity of the disorder [3]. Ischemia-modified albumin, a marker of myocardial ischemia and end product of oxidative stress, was increased in…”

Section: Biomarkers Linking Cardiovascular and Oral Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Japanese male subjects, the concentrations of serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) correlated with periodontal parameters according to a study including 108 male subjects [40] ( Table 2). A bidirectional relationship periodontitis-dyslipidemia was suggested, considering that periodontal inflammation impairs lipid metabolism and dyslipidemia increases the susceptibility for periodontitis due to the associated inflammatory reaction [3].…”

Section: Periodontitis and Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adults, the most important causes of tooth loss are dental caries and, in patients older than 40 years, periodontitis. In patients with periodontitis, chronic inflammation is responsible for the destruction of the periodontal ligament and the resorption of the alveolar bone, enabling tooth loss [3]. Tooth loss, a marker of poor oral health, influences nutrient intake and food choices, with reduced intake of vegetables and dietary fibers, as well as socializing, and psychosocial risk factors, including social isolation, which are associated with a worse prognosis in cardiovascular disorders [50].…”

Section: Tooth Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disorders

Mozoş¹,

Stoian²

2020

Understanding the Molecular Crosstalk in Biological Processes

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Several studies reported the cross talk between oral health and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the present chapter is to review the main mechanisms linking oral and cardiovascular disorders, the main pathologies which could be linked, and possibilities for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Periodontitis was associated with cardiovascular risk, and the links between the two entities are represented by bacteria and their toxins released into the blood, causing endothelial dysfunction and providing a proatherogenic and prothrombotic effect and an inflammatory and immune reaction. The mentioned mechanisms explain the reported associations of periodontitis with stroke, coronary heart disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Periodontitis was also associated with diabetes mellitus and impaired lipid metabolism. Not all studies confirmed the association between periodontitis and coronary artery disease or stroke. Tooth loss, the most important consequence of periodontitis, has been also associated with cardiovascular disease. Dental and pulpal caries were also found to be independent risk factors for atherosclerosis, while restorations were inversely related to an atherosclerotic burden. Sucrose is involved in both cariogenesis and atherosclerosis. Fluorides prevent aortic calcifications and enamel demineralization and inhibit bacterial metabolism but are cardiotoxic. Heightening awareness of good dental hygiene can improve cardiovascular health.

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Section: Periodontitis and Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Biomarkers Linking Cardiovascular and Oral Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Periodontitis and Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tooth Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disorders

Mozoş¹,

Stoian²

2020

Understanding the Molecular Crosstalk in Biological Processes

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“…Oral bacteria such as Lactobacillus salivarius, Solobacterium moorei, Atopobium parvulum, and species belonging to Streptococcus spp. genus have been shown to be positively correlated with atherosclerosis when found in the gut (7). In this regard, commensal as well as pathogenic gut microbiome modulates atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (11, 12 and 13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus pasteuri isolates (Spvs) from human atherosclerotic plaques mediate virulence, intracellular resistance and transendothelial invasion of macrophages: A mechanistic paradigm for microbial pathogenicity in atherosclerosis

Haque

Modi

Haque

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a chronic inflammatory condition of multifactorial etiology, is the leading cause of death worldwide. The concept of 'bacterial persistence' has been proposed as one of several contributing factors to this disease. We hypothesized that the infectious agent(s) found at the site of the atheroma may be dormant but perpetuate virulence in response to host defense and other physiological triggers. In this study, we sought to identify the source of persistent infection in human atherosclerotic plaque and define how pathogen virulence and host defenses mediate plaque vulnerability. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify bacteria from pure cultures obtained from atherosclerotic tissues of living subjects diagnosed with more than 70% occlusion of the carotid artery undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CE). WGS identified the predominant species as S. pasteuri (Spv) in all CE isolates grown in pure culture except one isolate which was identified as B. licheniformis. All S. pasteuri isolates (Spvs) were found to contain genes for widespread virulence, invasion, and intracellular resistance. As macrophages (Mφs) play a decisive role at all stages of this disease we treated mouse Mφs (RAW 264.7) with Spvs. While all Spvs tested demonstrated their ability to survive phagocytosis, the highly virulent Spvs also activated Mφs and induced trans-endothelial cell migration of these cells which was mediated via the CC chemokine CCL1 and its receptor CCR8. In conclusion, we show that Spvs are found in CE plaques, have the capacity to survive phagocytosis and induce the transmigration of Mφs across an endothelial barrier in a CCL1-CCR8 dependent process. These findings highlight the significance of carotid vessels as a reservoir for S. pasteuri, a pathogen found in products used routinely in human consumption; this may explain how microbial pathogenicity modulates plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis.

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Hospital Visits Associated With Oral Infections in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Register‐Based Analysis

Reinhold,

Kallionpää,

Valtanen

et al. 2024

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Various forms of oral involvement have been reported in patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). Here, we analyze register‐based associations between NF1 and hospital visits related to oral infections. The Finnish NF1 cohort encompasses all individuals with verified NF1 who have visited the Finnish central and university hospitals in 1987–2011. The Finnish Care Register for Health Care allowed the follow‐up of 1349 individuals with NF1, their 1894 siblings without NF1, and 13,870 matched controls for diagnoses related to oral infections in 1998–2014. We observed clearly increased hazards for hospital visits associated with dental caries (ICD‐10 K02; NF1 vs. controls, hazard ratio [HR] 4.42, 95% CI 3.23–6.04), diseases of pulp and periapical tissues (K04; HR 3.85, 95% CI 2.68–5.54), and gingivitis and periodontal diseases (K05; HR 3.63, 95% CI 2.37–5.56). In contrast, hospital visits related to diseases of salivary glands (K11), and stomatitis and related lesions (K12) did not show significantly increased hazard in NF1 compared with the controls or the non‐NF1 siblings. In conclusion, the findings suggest that hospital visits related to oral infections are relatively common among individuals with NF1. The results highlight the need for early detection, proactive prevention, and timely treatment of oral infections in individuals with NF1.

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Periodontitis and mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk: Novel insights and future perspectives

Cited by 42 publications

References 106 publications

Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disorders

Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disorders

Staphylococcus pasteuri isolates (Spvs) from human atherosclerotic plaques mediate virulence, intracellular resistance and transendothelial invasion of macrophages: A mechanistic paradigm for microbial pathogenicity in atherosclerosis

Hospital Visits Associated With Oral Infections in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Register‐Based Analysis

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