Periodontitis Disease in Farmed Ruminants—Current State of Research

Abstract

Periodontal disease in ruminants is common and occurs in farmed and wild animals. Periodontal lesions can result from the secretion of endotoxins by pathogenic bacteria and as consequences of immune system activity. Three main types of periodontitis have been described. The first is chronic inflammation involving mainly premolars and molars—periodontitis (PD). The second type is an acute inflammatory reaction occurring with calcification of the periosteum of the jawbone and swelling of the surrounding soft tissues (Cara inchada, CI—“swollen face”). Finally, a third type, similar to the first but located in the incisor area, is called “broken mouth” (BM). Etiological variation between the different types of periodontitis is indicated. This particularly manifests in the composition of the microbiome, which is characteristic of the different forms of periodontitis. The widespread detection of lesions has drawn attention to the current nature of the problem.

Effects of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine polysulfides on periodontitis in a mouse model

“…Periodontitis is developing as one of the most common inflammatory diseases induced by dysbiosis of oral microbiota that affects many people worldwide, and it appears to be a threat to public health 1,2 . Periodontitis is characterized by the damage or injury of teeth‐supporting structures, such as the periodontal ligament, bone, and gingiva 3–5 .…”

“…Periodontitis is developing as one of the most common inflammatory diseases induced by dysbiosis of oral microbiota that affects many people worldwide, and it appears to be a threat to public health. 1 , 2 Periodontitis is characterized by the damage or injury of teeth‐supporting structures, such as the periodontal ligament, bone, and gingiva. 3 , 4 , 5 In 2017, the World Workshop on the Classification for Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions established a classification system for periodontitis that involved staging and grading.…”