Periodontitis Is Associated with Consumption of Processed and Ultra-Processed Foods: Findings from a Population-Based Study

Cassiano, Luisa Schertel; Peres, Marco A; Motta, J V S; Demarco, Flávio Fernando; Horta, Bernardo Lessa; Ribeiro, Cecília Cláudia Costa; Nascimento, Gustavo G.

doi:10.3390/nu14183735

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We did not have data on diet, precise antihypercholesterolemic drug type, or lifestyle other than drinking and smoking history. Although diet and lifestyle are also associated with periodontitis, 49,50 and the ApoE4 gene has been suggested to influence inflammation-induced hippocampal atrophy, 41 we cannot rule out the possibility that significant confounding by these factors has not been corrected in this study. In addition, smoking history was analyzed using 3 category variables, and if a quantitative variable such as pack-years had been used, the results might be different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Associations of Dental Health With the Progression of Hippocampal Atrophy in Community-Dwelling Individuals

et al. 2023

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Background and ObjectivesAlthough tooth loss and periodontitis have been considered risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, recent longitudinal researches have not found a significant association with hippocampal atrophy. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify a longitudinal association between the number of teeth present (NTP) and hippocampal atrophy dependent on the severity of periodontitis in a late middle-aged and older adult population.MethodsThis study included community-dwelling individuals aged ≥55 years who had no cognitive decline and had undergone brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and oral and systemic data collection twice at 4-year intervals. Hippocampal volumes were obtained from MRIs by automated region-of-interest analysis. The mean periodontal probing depth (mean PD) was used as a measure of periodontitis. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the annual symmetric percentage change (SPC) of the hippocampal volume as the dependent variable and including an interaction term between NTP and mean PD as the independent variable. The interaction details were examined using the Johnson–Neyman technique and simple slope analysis. The three-way interaction of NTP, mean PD, and time on hippocampal volume was analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model, and the interaction of NTP and time was examined in subgroups divided by the median mean PD. In all models, dropout bias was adjusted by inverse probability weighting.ResultsThe data of 172 participants were analyzed. The qualitative interaction between NTP and mean PD was significant for the annual SPC in the left hippocampus. The regression coefficient of the NTP on annual SPC in the left hippocampus was significantly positive (B=0.038,P=.026) at the low-level mean PD (mean-1SD) and significantly negative (B=-0.054,P=.001) at the high-level mean PD (mean+1SD). Similar results were obtained in the linear mixed-effects model; the interaction of NTP and time was significant in the higher mean PD group.DiscussionIn a late middle-aged and older cohort, fewer teeth were associated with a faster rate of left hippocampal atrophy in patients with mild periodontitis, whereas having more teeth was associated with a faster rate of atrophy in those with severe periodontitis. The importance of keeping teeth healthy is suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Associations of Dental Health With the Progression of Hippocampal Atrophy in Community-Dwelling Individuals

et al. 2023

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“…The possible explanation for this observation is that these types of foods are high in total fats and calories, and typically low in essential nutrients, such as antioxidant vitamins, minerals, and fiber, thereby leading to malnourishment precipitating suboptimal periodontal health. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 studies, increasing consumption of the category of ultra-processed foods (e.g., fried, ready-to-eat, other processed foods) showed a positive association with dental caries in children and adolescents [ 62 ], as well as with moderate/severe periodontitis in adults [ 63 ]. Limitations of the current study included the lack of a comparison group of adults with no periodontitis without diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations of Cardiometabolic and Dietary Variables with Clinical Periodontitis in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Basu,

Richardson,

Carlos

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Periodontitis is a commonly occurring inflammatory oral disease affecting a large proportion of global and US adults and is characterized by the destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Its etiology is multifactorial, and type 2 diabetes and diet play critical roles in its remission and progression. However, few studies have addressed nutritional and serum vitamin D status in adults with periodontitis in the presence of diabetes. A cross-sectional study (n = 78), and a sub-set of age- and BMI-matched case–control studies (n = 50), were conducted to examine differences in dietary and cardiometabolic variables, and serum vitamin D in adults with periodontitis with or without diabetes. Participants provided fasting blood samples and 24-h diet recalls on at least two different days. Data on health history, body weight, height, nutritional habits, and clinical features of periodontitis were also collected. The Mann–Whitney U Test (with exact p-value estimation by Monte Carlo simulation) was used to examine differences by diabetes status in continuous and ordinal variables. Results revealed significantly lower serum vitamin D, and dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, vitamins A and C in adults with periodontitis with vs. without diabetes in the sub-study (all p < 0.05). In the overall sample, adults with diabetes presented with higher caries risk measures and lower numbers of teeth than those without diabetes; plaque and bleeding scores did not differ by diabetes status. Finally, a significant associations of food habits was observed, especially consuming protein-rich foods twice a day with a lower bleeding score, and daily consumption of fried or fast foods with a fewer number of teeth present (all p < 0.05). The present findings show significant dietary and serum vitamin D inadequacies among adults with periodontitis, and diabetes further aggravates the observed malnourishment and oral health.

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“…Periodontitis is a widely distributed and high-incidence oral inflammatory disease caused by complex factors [ 1 ]. Dental plaque is the initiating factor of periodontitis [ 2 ], and the severity of periodontitis depends on environmental and host risk factors, including diabetes, smoking, obesity, genetic factors, and undernutrition [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of vitamin K, fibre intake and progression of periodontal attachment loss in American adults

et al. 2023

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Background Periodontitis-related attachment loss is accompanied by mucosal bleeding and inflammatory lesions. Dietary vitamin K and fibre intake are known to be correlation factors of haemostasis and anti-inflammation, respectively. Objective To explore the association between severe periodontal attachment loss and vitamin K or fibre intake in American adults. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was conducted including 2747 males and 2218 females in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2009 to 2014. The number of teeth with severe periodontal attachment loss (above 5 mm attachment loss) was used as the dependent variable. The main independent variables included the intake of vitamin K and dietary fibre. The association among variables was examined using multivariable linear regression models, hierarchical regression, fitted smoothing curves, and generalized additive models. Results Based on the indicators of 4965 subjects, we found that severe attachment loss tended to occur in elderly individuals or males and was accompanied by less intake of vitamin K or dietary fibre, as well as lower educational qualification. Vitamin K intake was stably negatively associated with attachment loss progression in each multivariable linear regression model. In subgroup analyses, a negative association between fibre intake and attachment loss progression was identified in all races except blacks (β = 0.0005, 95% CI: -0.0005 to 0.0016). The relationship between fibre intake and attachment loss progression was a broad U-shaped curve (inflection point: 753.4 mg), which especially manifested in males (inflection point: 967.5 mg). Conclusion There was an inverse association between vitamin K intake and the progression of periodontal attachment loss in American adults, while dietary fibre should be moderate in intake (below 753.4 mg), especially in males (below 967.5 mg).

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Periodontitis Is Associated with Consumption of Processed and Ultra-Processed Foods: Findings from a Population-Based Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Associations of Dental Health With the Progression of Hippocampal Atrophy in Community-Dwelling Individuals

Associations of Dental Health With the Progression of Hippocampal Atrophy in Community-Dwelling Individuals

The Associations of Cardiometabolic and Dietary Variables with Clinical Periodontitis in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Association of vitamin K, fibre intake and progression of periodontal attachment loss in American adults

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