Periodontitis promotes the proliferation and suppresses the differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the periodontitis-associated changes in the number, proliferation and differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Cultures of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were established from healthy donors and donors with periodontitis. The numbers of stem cell were characterized using flow cytometry. PDLSCs were isolated from the PDLCs by immunomagnetic bead selection. Colony-forming abilities, osteogenic and adipogenic potential, gene expression of cementoblast phenotype, alkaline phosphatase activity and in vivo differentiation capacities were then evaluated. Periodontitis caused an increase in the proliferation of PDLSCs and a decrease in the commitment to the osteoblast lineage. This is reflected by changes in the expression of osteoblast markers. When transplanted into immunocompromised mice, PDLSCs from the healthy donors exhibited the capacity to produce cementum PDL-like structures, whereas, the inflammatory PDLSCs transplants predominantly formed connective tissues. In conclusion, the data from the present study suggest that periodontitis affects the proliferation and differentiation potential of human PDLSCs in vitro and in vivo.

Effects of short-term inflammatory and/or hypoxic pretreatments on periodontal ligament stem cells: in vitro and in vivo studies

“…The combined data suggest that cell responses to a hypoxic stimulus may vary from cell type to cell type. While previous work indicated that an inflammatory stimulus causes an increased proliferation rate of PDLSCs Tang et al 2016;Zheng et al 2015), such an increase has not been detected in this particular research; our data suggest that the 24-h inflammatory pretreatment has no obvious effect on PDLSC colony formation and proliferation (Fig. 3).…”

“…From a clinical point of view, incubation of PDLSCs in an inflammatory environment may impair their potency and regenerative potential, as demonstrated by those cells derived from teeth extracted due to periodontal disease . Because no harm resulted from the synergistic effect of the combined pretreatments, we believe that the inflammatory plus hypoxic pretreatments for PDLSCs before their use is a promising choice, as inflammatory pretreatment enhances cell proliferation and migration (Ziaei et al 2014;Zheng et al 2015), while hypoxic pretreatment maintains cell genomic stability and enhances regenerative potential (Estrada et al 2012;Zhou et al 2014). Clearly, such a hypothesis warrants further in-depth investigation.…”

Downregulation of Linc‐RNA activator of myogenesis lncRNA participates in FGF2‐mediated proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells

“…FGF2 promotes the proliferation of various types of cells, including PDLSCs . It has been reported that proliferation of PDLSCs is usually abnormally accelerated during the development and progression of periodontitis . Interestingly, our study observed that FGF2 was upregulated in PDLSCs from periodontitis‐affected teeth than in PDLSCs from healthy teeth.…”

“…Genetic factors are critical players in periodontitis and the identification of novel genetic alterations may provide new insights to the development of novel therapies . It is well established that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a key player in the regulation of the proliferation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), whereas the proliferation of PDLSCs is usually abnormally accelerated during the development and progression of periodontitis . It has been reported that the function of FGF2 in myogenic cell differentiation is mediated by Linc‐RAM lncRNA .…”

Inflammation has synergistic effect with nicotine in periodontitis by up‐regulating the expression of α7 nAChR via phosphorylated GSK‐3β

“…Yang et al found that inflammatory factors involved in periodontitis development, such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β, increased the proliferation ability of PDLSCs in vitro, which is consistent with the findings in this study. As a result, some scholars suggested the application of inflammatory factors at a lower concentration to stimulate proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering regeneration therapy . However, inflammation can be a double‐edged sword in PDLSCs.…”