Periodontopathic Microbiota and Atherosclerosis: Roles of TLR-Mediated Inflammation Response

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high prevalence worldwide, contributing to a series of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Periodontal disease induced by pathogenic periodontal microbiota has been well established as an independent factor of atherosclerosis. Periodontal microorganisms have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques. The high-risk microbiota dwelling in the subgingival pocket can stimulate local and systematic host immune responses and inflammatory cascade reactions through various signaling pathways, resulting in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. One often-discussed pathway is the Toll-like receptor-nuclear factor-κB (TLR-NF-κB) signaling pathway that plays a central role in the transduction of inflammatory mediators and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. This narrative review is aimed at summarizing and updating the latest literature on the association between periodontopathic microbiota and atherosclerosis and providing possible therapeutic ideas for clinicians regarding atherosclerosis prevention and treatment.

Odontologia: uma visão contemporânea - Volume 11

“…Os principais resultados dos 25 artigos selecionados estão presentes no quadro 1. Dentre esses artigos, 8 concordam que a doença periodontal tem papel relevante para doenças cardiovasculares (Bale, Doneen, Vigerust, 2017;Ghizoni et al, 2012, Ghobadi, 2018Łysek et al, 2018;Schenkein et al, 2020;Sen et al, 2018;Sen et al, 2021;Zou et al, 2022). De uma forma geral, é possível observar que a microbiota periodontal patogênica exerce um papel crítico para aumento de mecanismos inflamatórios e progressão das doenças cardiovasculares.…”

“…É evidente que existe uma relação entre a DP e as DCs. No entanto, como afirmado pelos autores, são necessários mais estudos controlados para que seja estabelecida uma relação de causalidade (Aarabi et al, 2015;Zou et al, 2022).…”

Purple Sweet Potato Polysaccharide Exerting an Anti-inflammatory Effect via a TLR-Mediated Pathway by Regulating Polarization and Inhibiting the Inflammasome Activation

“…Meanwhile, TLR4 involves both the MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways. Excessive TLR-mediated pathway activation can lead to inflammation and TLR-related diseases. , Recently, several studies have demonstrated that TLR-mediated pathways play crucial roles in macrophage polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, consequently producing inflammatory cytokines and causing inflammation. , …”

Oxidative Stress and Pyroptosis in Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation

“…To date, more than ten types of TLRs have been found in mammals [ 13 , 14 ]. TLRs are associated with the development and instability of cardiovascular disease and cancer [ 15 – 17 ]. The TLR protein is a single transmembrane noncatalytic protein that has a conservative molecular structure.…”