Perioperative analgesic effects of an ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block with a mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine in cats undergoing ovariectomy

Skouropoulou, Despoina; Lacitignola, Luca; Centonze, Paola; Simone, Angela De; Crovace, Alberto Maria; Staffieri, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2018.01.005

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The ultrasound anatomy of TAP in rabbits is similar to that previously reported in cats [7,19]. Furthermore, the thickness of the individual muscle layers is very similar [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Alternative approaches with two sites of injection, one caudal to the last rib and the other cranial to the iliac crest, have been used to provide successful analgesia in dogs [12][13][14][15][16]. The spread of the volume injected and the features of these two different approaches were evaluated in dog [14,17,18], cat [7], pony [11], and calf [6] cadavers, as well as in one Canadian lynx [4], cats [19], ponies [9], and dogs [12] in vivo studies. To the authors' knowledge, there are no studies describing the US-guided lateral TAP block in rabbits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound-Guided Lateral Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in Rabbits: A Cadaveric Study

Bella

Pennasilico

Staffieri

et al. 2021

Animals

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The aims of the study were to describe the ultrasonographic-guided lateral TAP block in rabbit cadavers and evaluate the spread of a lidocaine/methylene blue solution through a single fascial infiltration. The US-guided block and anatomical dissections were performed in 17 New Zealand rabbit cadavers. The probe was placed perpendicular to the column, one centimetre ventrally to the transverse processes, halfway between the iliac crest and the costal margin. External oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transversus abdominis (TA) muscles were visualised, and 1 mL/kg of lidocaine 2% plus methylene blue 1% was injected. After dissection, the branches of spinal nerves stained were measured. Moreover, the percentage of length and height of the area marked were calculated. A good visualisation of the TAP was obtained in all 34 hemiabdomens. T11 nerve eminence was successfully stained in 52% of cases. T12, L1, and L2 were stained in 75%, 95%, and 100% of cases, respectively. L3 and L4 were stained in 60% and 40% of cases, respectively. The lateral TAP block with a single point of injection can be easily performed in rabbits, but it is not sufficient to cover the nerve eminences of the cranial abdomen. The two-point TAP block (lateral and subcostal) could represent a better option, particularly when large surgical incisions are required.

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“…The ultrasound anatomy of TAP in rabbits is similar to that previously reported in cats [7,19]. Furthermore, the thickness of the individual muscle layers is very similar [7].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound-Guided Lateral Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in Rabbits: A Cadaveric Study

Bella

Pennasilico

Staffieri

et al. 2021

Animals

Self Cite

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“…This finding would be related to the end of the effect of the local anaesthetics. Other studies have shown bupivacaine’s more prolonged clinical effect when being administered in a TAP block in cats [ 23 ]. However, the bupivacaine concentration used in our study was lower than in other studies, which could be a potential reason for our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Quadratus Lumborum Block as Part of an Opioid-Free Anaesthesia for Canine Ovariohysterectomy

Viscasillas

Sanchis‐Mora

Burillo

et al. 2021

Animals

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Quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is used to provide analgesia for abdominal surgery in humans. The aim of this study was to assess an anaesthetic protocol involving the QLB for canine ovariohysterectomy. Ten dogs were included. Anaesthetic protocol consisted of premedication with IM medetomidine (20 μg kg−1) and SC meloxicam (0.1 mg kg−1), induction with propofol to effect, and maintenance with sevoflurane in oxygen/medical air. QLB was performed injecting 0.4 mL kg−1 of 0.25% bupivacaine/iohexol per side. Computed Tomography (CT) was performed before and after surgery. Fentanyl was administered as rescue analgesia during surgery. The Short Form of The Glasgow Composite Pain Scale and thermal threshold (TT) at the level of the elbow, T10, T13 and L3 were assessed before premedication and every hour postoperatively. Methadone was given as rescue analgesia postoperatively when pain score was >3. A Yuen’s test on trimmed means for dependent samples was used to analyse the data (p < 0.05). CT images showed spreading of the contrast/block for a median (range) of 3 (2–5) vertebrae, without differences between preoperative and postoperative images. One dog needed rescue analgesia during surgery. Pain score was less than 4/24 in all the animals during the first 4 h after surgery. TT showed a significant increased signal in all the areas tested, apart from the humerus, 30 min after surgery. The QLB may provide additional analgesia for canine ovariohysterectomy. Further studies are needed to assess the specific contribution of the QLB in abdominal analgesia.

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“…While rescue analgesia in the form of fentanyl was provided in 36% of dogs intraoperatively, no additional analgesia was required in any dog in the first 120 minutes postoperatively. Skouropoulo et al 27 showed in a prospective randomised trial in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy that the TAP block prevented the need for rescue analgesia in the postoperative period. In comparison, all cats who did not receive the TAP block required rescue analgesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transverse abdominal plane block in a llama undergoing midline coeliotomy

Thomson

Deutsch²

2021

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 3‐year‐old llama was presented for management of bilateral ureter obstruction. A general anaesthetic was performed to allow a midline coeliotomy to be undertaken. Due to current legislation, the provision of adequate analgesia can be challenging. The transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block is a locoregional technique that can be used to provide analgesia of the ventral abdominal wall in numerous species. The TAP block was performed in this case to provide intraoperative analgesia using mepivacaine. This is the first time this technique has been described in the llama. Based on intraoperative monitoring, the TAP block appears to provide analgesia intra‐operatively. Due to the degree of damage to the ureters, the llama was euthanised under general anaesthesia, so an assessment of postoperative analgesia provided by the block could not be assessed.

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Perioperative analgesic effects of an ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block with a mixture of bupivacaine and lidocaine in cats undergoing ovariectomy

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Ultrasound-Guided Lateral Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in Rabbits: A Cadaveric Study

Ultrasound-Guided Lateral Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in Rabbits: A Cadaveric Study

Evaluation of Quadratus Lumborum Block as Part of an Opioid-Free Anaesthesia for Canine Ovariohysterectomy

Transverse abdominal plane block in a llama undergoing midline coeliotomy

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