Perioperative mortality in cats and dogs undergoing spay or castration at a high-volume clinic

Levy, Julie; Bard, K.M.; Tucker, Sylvia J; Diskant, Patricia; Dingman, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.05.013

Cited by 47 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This is a euthanasia rate that sits between the 0.4–0.5% reported for two TNR studies in the US [ 5 , 65 ], and the 4% [ 63 ] and estimated 5–10% [ 37 ] euthanasia rates for two other TNR programmes, again both in the USA. There were no peri-surgical deaths during the Auckland TTNR pilot programme, while other programmes have reported a peri-surgical death rate of 0.3–0.4% [ 5 , 65 , 66 ], which is comparable to that reported for companion cat sterilisation surgeries [ 67 ] and high volume spay-neuter clinics [ 68 ]. In this study, there was one cat that was recaptured and treated for a post-operative wound complication; this equates to a wound complication rate of 0.29%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Assessment of a Targeted Trap-Neuter-Return Pilot Study in Auckland, New Zealand

Zito

Aguilar

Vigeant

et al. 2018

Animals

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Simple SummaryIt is generally accepted that stray cats need to be managed to minimise the associated negative impacts and there is a need for effective and humane management tools. One such potential tool is trap-neuter-return (TNR), which anecdotally has been used in New Zealand to manage stray cats, but no concerted and targeted implementation of this technique has been reported, nor any formal assessments conducted. A targeted TNR (TTNR) programme for urban stray cats was implemented and assessed in one Auckland suburb. Assessment was based on the number of incoming felines; stray, unsocialised cats euthanased; unsocialised, unowned cats sterilised and returned (independently of the TTNR programme); and neonatal/underage euthanasias. Incoming stray feline, underage euthanasia, and unsocialised stray cat euthanasia numbers all reduced for the targeted suburb when these outcome measures were compared for the years before and after the programme. These outcome measures had a greater reduction in the targeted suburb compared to the other Auckland suburbs not targeted by the TTNR programme, although causation cannot be inferred, as a variety of reasons could have contributed to the changes. This pilot programme suggests that TTNR could be a valuable humane cat management tool in urban New Zealand, and further assessment is warranted.AbstractThere is a need for effective and humane management tools to manage urban stray cats and minimise negative impacts associated with stray cats. One such tool is targeted trap-neuter-return (TTNR), but no concerted implementation of this technique or formal assessments have been reported. To address this deficit, a TTNR programme was implemented and assessed in one Auckland suburb from May 2015 to June 2016; the programme sterilised and returned 348 cats (4.2 cats/1000 residents). Assessment was based on the number of incoming felines; stray, unsocialised cats euthanased; unsocialised, unowned cats sterilised and returned (independently of the TTNR programme); and neonatal/underage euthanasias. Incoming stray felines, underage euthanasias, and unsocialised stray cat euthanasias were all reduced for the targeted suburb when compared for the years before and after the programme (the percentage reduction in these parameters was −39, −17, −34, −7, and −47, respectively). These outcome measures had a greater reduction in the targeted suburb compared to the Auckland suburbs not targeted by the TTNR programme (p < 0.01), although causation cannot be inferred, as a variety of reasons could have contributed to the changes. This pilot programme suggests that TTNR could be a valuable, humane cat management tool in urban New Zealand, and further assessment is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Assessment of a Targeted Trap-Neuter-Return Pilot Study in Auckland, New Zealand

Zito

Aguilar

Vigeant

et al. 2018

Animals

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“…Proponents of traditional desexing argue that it provides a safer anesthetic, reduced long-term medical or behavioral issues and is the age at which veterinarians are trained and are therefore most experienced and comfortable (1, 6). However, studies investigating the safety of EAD anesthetics have reported no significant difference in mortality or morbidity compared with traditional desexing (8) and studies into the risks of long term medical or behavioral issues are conflicting, with some showing a reduction in risk (7, 9, 10) and others showing an increased risk (7, 11, 12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Veterinarian Attitudes Toward Prepubertal Desexing of Dogs and Cats in the Australian Capital Territory

Orr

Jones

2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Prepubertal desexing (neutering) has been a legal requirement for all cats and dogs in the Australian Capital Territory since 2001. All cats have to be desexed by 3 months of age, and all dogs are required to be desexed by 6 months of age. The role of veterinary attitudes and behaviors in the implementation of mandatory prepubertal desexing in the Australian Capital Territory is explored in this paper. An online survey was sent to all veterinarians registered in the Australian Capital Territory via the Veterinary Surgeons Board (VSB). The survey was designed as a cross-sectional study, hosted using the software REDcap ® and analyzed using statistical program R ® . A response rate of 14.9% (52/350) of registered veterinarians was achieved. Only 10% of respondents (5/52) recommended that clients have their cat desexed at 3 months of age, the legal maximum age for desexing in the jurisdiction. However, 40% of veterinarians (21/52) thought prepubertal desexing was an appropriate management strategy of cats to prevent overpopulation. Just over one-third of all veterinarians who responded (18/52; 35%) were not aware that prepubertal desexing was mandatory in the Australian Capital Territory. We conclude that prepubertal desexing might be poorly supported by veterinarians in the Australian Capital Territory, even though pets are legally required to undergo prepubertal desexing. As a result, veterinarians may unintentionally be limiting access to this procedure. This has wider policy consequences for Australian and overseas jurisdictions which are considering introducing mandatory prepubertal desexing.

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“…Therefore, by necessity, the team was required to plan the clinic with use of injectable anesthetics only. While anesthesia for high volume, low cost spay/neuter clinics has been studied [ 8 , 9 ], the majority of those studies were done in locations where resources are available if needed, even though not routinely used (e.g. anesthetic machines/oxygen).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total injectable anesthesia of dogs and cats for remote location veterinary sterilization clinic

et al. 2020

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Background: Sterilization clinics often occur in remote places where anesthesia machines and compressed oxygen are unavailable. This study describes the use of total injectable anesthesia in dogs and cats presented for sterilization in a remote location. Results: A total of 100 animals were sterilized; 26 female cats (CF), 22 male cats (CM), 28 female dogs (DF), and 24 male dogs (DM). CF were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (20 mcg/kg), ketamine (8 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. CM were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (15 mcg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. Insufficient anesthesia in cats was treated with alfaxalone (1 mg/kg) IM. All cats were administered meloxicam at 0.3 mg/kg SQ. DF were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (15 mcg/kg), ketamine (7-10 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. DM were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (15 mcg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. All dogs had IV catheter and endotracheal tube placed. If SpO 2 < 91%, ventilation was assisted with an Ambu bag. Insufficient anesthesia in dogs was treated with alfaxalone (1 mg/kg) IV. All dogs were administered meloxicam at 0.2 mg/kg SQ. Following surgery, atipamezole (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) IM was administered to any patient that did not have voluntary movement. All patients survived and were discharged. Less than 25% of cats and male dogs required supplemental anesthesia. Fifty seven percent of female dogs required supplemental anesthesia. More than 89% of patients (in any group) required atipamezole administration. One cat recovered with agitation and hyperthermia (41.1C/ 106F). Some dogs required ventilatory assistance to remain normoxemic while anesthetized. Conclusion: Total injectable anesthesia can be accomplished for remote location sterilization clinics with minimal morbidity.

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Perioperative mortality in cats and dogs undergoing spay or castration at a high-volume clinic

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of a Targeted Trap-Neuter-Return Pilot Study in Auckland, New Zealand

Assessment of a Targeted Trap-Neuter-Return Pilot Study in Auckland, New Zealand

A Survey of Veterinarian Attitudes Toward Prepubertal Desexing of Dogs and Cats in the Australian Capital Territory

Total injectable anesthesia of dogs and cats for remote location veterinary sterilization clinic

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