Perioperative Use of Clopidogrel during Carotid Endarterectomy Does Not Increase Rate of Reoperation for Hematoma

Abstract

Our studies suggest that IL-1b inhibits outward remodeling in the aorta. While IL-1b is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, its effects on macrophage polarization differ from TNF-a. The differential effects of TNF-a and IL-1b inhibition on M1 macrophage polarization may account for the differences in clinical efficacy of TNF-a and IL-1b antibody therapies in management of inflammatory diseases.