Periorbital dirofilariasis-Clinical and imaging findings: Live worm on ultrasound

Gopinath, Thandre N; Lakshmi, Kondumahanti V. N.; Shaji, P. C.; Rajalakshmi, P

doi:10.4103/0301-4738.114111

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The anamnesis should exclude the visit of the patient to endemic areas of other filarioids, such as Loa loa in Africa. In case of intraocular cysts or subcutaneous nodules, the diagnosis is more difficult, but a live moving worm can be seen using a pre-operative high-resolution ultrasound [231, 245].…”

Section: Diagnosis In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe

et al. 2018

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Dirofilaria repens is a nematode affecting domestic and wild canids, transmitted by several species of mosquitoes. It usually causes a non-pathogenic subcutaneous infection in dogs and is the principal agent of human dirofilariosis in the Old World. In the last decades, D. repens has increased in prevalence in areas where it has already been reported and its distribution range has expanded into new areas of Europe, representing a paradigmatic example of an emergent pathogen. Despite its emergence and zoonotic impact, D. repens has received less attention by scientists compared to Dirofilaria immitis. In this review we report the recent advances of D. repens infection in dogs and humans, and transmission by vectors, and discuss possible factors that influence the spread and increase of this zoonotic parasite in Europe. There is evidence that D. repens has spread faster than D. immitis from the endemic areas of southern Europe to northern Europe. Climate change affecting mosquito vectors and the facilitation of pet travel seem to have contributed to this expansion; however, in the authors’ opinion, the major factor is likely the rate of undiagnosed dogs continuing to perpetuate the life-cycle of D. repens. Many infected dogs remain undetected due to the subclinical nature of the disease, the lack of rapid and reliable diagnostic tools and the poor knowledge and still low awareness of D. repens in non-endemic areas. Improved diagnostic tools are warranted to bring D. repens diagnosis to the state of D. immitis diagnosis, as well as improved screening of imported dogs and promotion of preventative measures among veterinarians and dog owners. For vector-borne diseases involving pets, veterinarians play a significant role in prevention and should be more aware of their responsibility in reducing the impact of the zoonotic agents. In addition, they should enhance multisectorial collaboration with medical entomologists and the public health experts, under the concept and the actions of One Health-One Medicine.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3205-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Diagnosis In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe

et al. 2018

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“…The nodule may be painful and erythematous. The ocular infection includes nodule formation in the orbital zone and eyelids, as well as the presence of intact migrating worm in sub conjunctival and intra vitreous tissues [10] as well as in intra orbital musculature [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Dirofilariasis Presenting as Scrotal Mass

Chiaramonte¹

2017

JURNOA

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Surgery Unit complaining a painless nodule on his left hemi scrotum (ASM). He had neither pathological history nor was in contact with dogs or other animals and never visited other countries.The physical examination revealed no pathological findings except for a single painless hard nodule of 1 cm at the apex of the scrotum with any connection to the testis. The skin over the nodule was normal without any signs of inflammation and the inguinal lymph nodes were not palpable Routine laboratory tests of the blood showed no abnormal values for the age. Tumors markers as βHCG and α-fetoprotein were within normal range.Suspecting an extra-testicular neoplasm an ultrasound scan with high-resolution linear probe 10 -12 MHz of the nodule was performed. It showed the presence of an anechoic cystic formation without any vascularization in its contest or vascular pole at the color-doppler integration. Within a cyst mass a tubular coiled structure with parallel echogenic wall in continuous movements was found: to identify the species of worm specialist opinion was requested.The characteristic pattern movements of the nematode (filaria dance sign-FDS) led to diagnosis of human subcutaneous dirofiliasis (HSD). Testicular tissue was normal.(FIGURE 1).The surgery was performed under general anesthesia with minor surgery approach by a transversal scrotal incision of less than 1 cm over the nodule. The mass wasn't in connection with testicular or funicular structures. It was isolated from the dartos without any damage to the capsule and was enucleated intact (FIGURE 2).The hystopathological examination showed a simil-cystic structure with granulomatous inflammatory wall with a high number of eosinophils and a tubular structure of 10 cm of length inside moving when placed in physiological solution (FIGURE 3).The diagnosis of infection from Dirofilariarepens was based on the morphological characteristic of the worm that displayed the tipical features of a female. AbstractA large spectrum of pathology may present in children as an asymptomatic scrotal mass (ASM) ranging from congenital to neoplastic lesions.We observed a 11 months old child referred to us for suspicion of neoplasm presenting with an asymptomatic scrotal mass.High frequency scrotal sonography enabled diagnosis of nematode infection (Dirofilaria repens): viability of the adult worms was assessed by looking for the animated documentation of filarial dance sign (FDS).Differentiation from malignancy allowed an appropriate management consisting in minor surgery.Human Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis (HSD) is an endemic zoonosis spread throughout the world, with dogs and cats being the definitive host for this parasite. Human infections caused by Dirofilaria repens have been reported in Eastern Europe, Mediterranean area, central and Southern Asia, transmitted by various species of mosquitoes and usually presented as subcutaneous nodule.Extra-testicular pathologies are encountered relatively infrequently but awareness of different possible etiology avoids unnecessary extensive s...

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“…Diagnosis is made by presence of characteristic live motile worm or by histopathological findings. 161…”

Section: Dirofilariasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surgical intervention remains the main stay of treatment. [161][162][163][164][165] Paragonimiasis Infection of Paragonimus westermani or lung fluke is one of the neglected tropical parasitic diseases. There are several endemic foci particularly in Northeast India.…”

Section: Hydatid Disease Of Lungs and Pleuramentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Infections in Pediatric Population of India: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention

Patwardhan

Kumar

Singh

2017

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Almost one-fourth of the world's population is possibly suffering from parasitic diseases. Children are more vulnerable to various parasitic infections as compared with normal adults due to their outdoor activities, immature immune system, nonadherence to good hygiene practices, and preference for street food. Parasitic infections are known to put a grave strain on their physical and cognitive growth and development. Thus, awareness and importance of pediatric parasitology need escalated recognition among pediatricians. Parasitic diseases both common and uncommon that are encountered in Indian children are contemplated in this review. We have covered epidemiology, life cycle, clinical features, and diagnosis of pediatric parasitic infections that transpire in India, including some preventive strategies.

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Periorbital dirofilariasis-Clinical and imaging findings: Live worm on ultrasound

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe

Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe

Human Dirofilariasis Presenting as Scrotal Mass

Parasitic Infections in Pediatric Population of India: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Strategies for Prevention

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