Periorbital Ecchymosis Post Closed Rhinoplasty: Natural History, Risk Factors, and Validation of a New Scoring System

Abstract

Background: Postrhinoplasty periorbital ecchymosis is an inevitable side effect contributing to patients’ psychological aspect and early postoperative morbidity. Efforts are constantly being made to reduce ecchymosis using different methods with varying success. To evaluate treatment response, it is mandatory to have a reliable score. Several studies suggest other scoring systems, but none has been postrhinoplasty-specific, validated, and accepted. This study aimed to demonstrate the natural history of postrhinoplasty ecchymosis, find potential risk factors for worsening patterns, and suggest a useful and reliable periorbital ecchymosis scoring system for postrhinoplasty follow-up. Methods: This prospective study included 183 patients who underwent closed rhinoplasty by the same surgeon and the same principle method. Photographs of the periorbital ecchymosis were taken on postoperative days 1, 2, and 7. The periorbital area was divided into quarters, and three independent physicians assigned the dominant color of each quarter. Results: There were no significant variations between the three physicians’ scoring. The interobserver consistency defined as an excellent scoring system reliability, according to our statistical analysis. The postoperative ecchymosis demonstrated a consistent pattern of spread over time, dominating the medial quarters on early postoperative days 1 and 2, following into the lower lateral quarters in postoperative day 7. We found no correlation between patient demographics and clinical characteristics to ecchymosis patterns and temporal spread. Conclusions: Our study suggests a reliable and easy-to-use postrhinoplasty ecchymosis scoring system. This scoring method can be used for postrhinoplasty ecchymosis assessment and as a research-validated tool to quantify different perioperative treatments to reduce ecchymosis and estimate mid-face trauma.