Periosteal and endosteal microcirculatory injury following excessive osteosynthesis

Abstract

Introduction: We examined the endosteal and periosteal circulations in a patient with fracture non-union who had undergone excessive osteosynthesis applications (two long plates had been placed medially and laterally on the left tibia extending from the proximal 2/7 to the distal 6/7 parts of the bone, while a tibial component of a total knee prosthesis with a long stem had been inserted at the same time). Methods: Concomitant perfusion changes were determined in the anterolateral and anteromedial periosteal sheath of the non-united bone ends and intramedullary nearest the osteosynthesis materials during their surgical removal on re-operation. The blood flow in the periosteum and endosteum was recorded by a laser-Doppler flowmetric device using a novel approach. Control measurements were made at identical points of the right tibia. Results: Considerably lower blood flow values were measured along the tibial periosteal region of the re-operated limb than on the contralateral side (the average perfusion unit (PU) was 76 vs. 106 PU, respectively). Perfusion values were markedly lower in the endosteal region (average values of approx. 30 PU) in the control tibia and were even more diminished in the re-operated tibial endosteum (average 9 PU). Conclusions: Our study was conducted to characterize the microcirculatory changes of a long bone in response to intramedullary implantation and to provide quantitative data on the insufficiency of local perfusion in a patient with fracture non-union. Our results highlight the association between local perfusion failure and the unfavorable outcome (i.e. fracture non-union), confirming that the vital aspects of the microcirculation should not be disregarded when aiming for mechanical stability. Microcirculatory measurements constitute a new area of improvement in planning the adequate treatment for fracture non-unions with an unclear aetiology. Further refinement of the laser-Doppler technique could have potential benefits for bone surgery and postoperative trauma care in the future.

Osseous Union after Mandible Reconstruction with Fibula Free Flap Using Manually Bent Plates vs. Patient-Specific Implants: A Retrospective Analysis of 89 Patients

“…Regardless of the accuracy of VSP and individual cutting guides, it is presumable that in the majority of junctions secondary bone healing will occur. Greksa et al highlighted the impact of periosteal and endosteal microcirculation in bone healing in a case of non-union of the tibia bone after osteosynthesis [64]. When micro-motions occur between the fractured sections of bones covered by the periosteum, endochondral bone repair is the predominant way of bone healing in long bones [51,65].…”

Impairment of Mesenteric Perfusion as a Marker of Major Bleeding in Trauma Patients

“…Although the assessment of SMA blood flow is, in principle, possible with both DU and LDF; in clinical reality, only newborn patients or intraoperative use can improve their reliability to an acceptable level [44][45][46][47]. As a further limitation of LDF, signals from neighboring large vessels can influence the measurement, resulting in false results [48][49][50].…”