Periostin, a multifunctional matricellular protein in inflammatory and tumor microenvironments

Abstract

The behavior and fate of cells in tissues largely rely upon their cross-talk with the tissue microenvironment including neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and soluble cues from the local and systemic environments. Dysregulation of tissue microenvironment can drive various inflammatory diseases and tumors. The ECM is a crucial component of tissue microenvironment. ECM proteins can not only modulate tissue microenvironment but also regulate the behavior of surrounding cells and the homeostasis of tissues. As a nonstructural ECM protein, periostin is generally present at low levels in most adult tissues; however, periostin is often highly expressed at sites of injury or inflammation and in tumors within adult organisms. Current evidence demonstrates that periostin actively contributes to tissue injury, inflammation, fibrosis and tumor progression. Here, we summarize the roles of periostin in inflammatory and tumor microenvironments.

NFκB-Induced Periostin Activates Integrin-β3 Signaling to Promote Renal Injury in GN

“…Thus, periostin may induce and activate integrin-b3, promoting motility, permeability, and secretion of chemokines essential for remodeling and inflammatory cell infiltration. 32 Activation of integrin avb3 in podocytes has been shown to mediate podocyte dysfunction, motility, and proteinuria in FSGS and LPS-induced renal disease. 33,34 In the NTS model, induction of integrin-b3 and its downstream signaling in parietal cells and podocytes was dependent on the expression of periostin.…”

Overexpression of periostin and distinct mesothelin forms predict malignant progression in a rat cholangiocarcinoma model

“…While there have been many studies carried out on the functions of Msln and Postn, their role in cancer progression, including that of ICC, remains unclear and needs to be elucidated 8, 34, 40. Based on the data described herein, we propose that our unique rat cholangiocarcinoma models are ideal preclinical platforms for investigating Postn and Msln biology, regulation and functional relationships in the context of α‐SMA + CAF and cancer cell interactions promoting ICC progression, and the potential of Postn and Msln as molecular targets for ICC therapy.…”

Periostin on the road to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

“…Periostin (encoded by POSTN), a member of the vitamin-K-dependent c-carboxylated protein family, is a secreted extracellular matrix protein expressed in collagenrich connective tissues and involved in cell recruitment and adhesion [4]. Its name (derived from the Greek words ''peri'' and ''ostoun'', meaning around the bone) refers to its original identification in periosteal osteocytes and osteoblasts.…”

“…The role of periostin in the human skeleton is yet unclear; it has been positively associated with fracture risk [5], but not with bone mineral density [5,6], thereby implying that periostin is primarily associated with the organic rather than the mineral component of the skeleton. Beyond the bone, periostin exerts a multifunctional facet, being linked with several inflammatory diseases, including asthma, skin inflammation, and atherosclerosis, but also malignant diseases, including breast, colon, head and neck, pancreatic, lung, papillary thyroid, ovarian, gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma [4].…”