Peripartal changes in reticuloruminal pH and temperature in dairy cows differing in the susceptibility to subacute rumen acidosis

Humer, Elke; Ghareeb, K.; Harder, H.; Mickdam, Elsayed; Khol-Parisini, A.; Zebeli, Qendrim

doi:10.3168/jds.2015-9893

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…() found a negative correlation between ruminal temperature and pH and concluded that a ruminal temperature between 39 and 41°C is critical for the diagnosis of SARA. However, other studies using sensors located in the reticulum found no correlation between the ruminal pH and temperature (Bodas et al., ; Humer, Ghareeb et al., ). We recently measured reticular pH as well as reticular and rectal temperature in dairy cows exposed to an intermittent SARA challenge.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Ruminal Temperaturementioning

confidence: 90%

Signals for identifying cows at risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy veterinary practice

Humer

Aschenbach

Neubauer

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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SummaryControlling rumen disorders is critical to ensure successful dairy herd health management. Lactation diets of dairy cows are commonly rich in concentrates and low in physically effective fibre. Feeding of these diets increases the risk of rumen disorders with far-reaching consequences for cattle health, welfare and sustainability of dairy production. The term subacute ruminal acidosis or SARA is often used as a synonym for poor rumen health. Being subclinical, SARA lacks of clear symptoms and is therefore difficult to diagnose and to control in the practice. This review article summarises common and identifies new direct and indirect cow signals related to SARA. We have performed a scientific evaluation and interpretation of each of these cow signals by highlighting their advantages and disadvantages from the practitioner's point of view.The gold standard of SARA cow signals still remains direct measurement of ruminal pH. However, continuous pH monitoring is cost-intensive and often biased by sensor drift. Single-point ruminal pH measurements by oral stomach tubing or rumenocentesis have strong limitations. Therefore, there is a need for reliable and robust markers of SARA that are easily accessible and inexpensive. Such indirect parameters are the observation of chewing and feeding activities, as well as the monitoring of milk, faecal, urine and blood variables. Also, novel technologies that allow rapid and non-invasive measurement of the rumen mucosa thickness and ruminal motility patterns might provide advantages in SARA diagnosis. Due to several constraints of these indirect diagnostic tools, such as limited specificity and sensitivity, we strongly recommend using a combination of the signals to reliably identify cows at risk of SARA in a dairy herd. K E Y W O R D Sdairy cow, diagnosis, ruminal pH, subacute ruminal acidosis | INTRODUCTIONA common practice to meet the high nutritional requirements of dairy cows during early and mid-lactation is the inclusion of large quantities of concentrate in the diet. The inclusion of rapidly fermentable carbohydrates generates large amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) within a short time after ingestion, which can cause a decline in ruminal pH when their production surpasses the absorptive, buffering and outflow capacity of the rumen (Aschenbach, Penner, Stumpff, & Gäbel, 2011). This increase in energy-dense feeds occurs at the expense of fibre-rich forages, impairing digesta stratification and providing fewer stimuli for chewing, thus lowering salivary buffer supply, motility of rumen walls and ruminal mixing (Allen, 1997;. This cascade of events can lead to long and frequent ruminal pH depression with negative effect on rumen health, a condition commonly termed subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) (Plaizier, Khafipour, | 381 HUMER Et al.Li, . Although there is not yet a consensus on the definition of SARA, it is generally agreed that SARA occurs when the ruminal pH is lower than 5.5-5.8 for several hours a day (Plaizier, Krause, Gozho, & McBride, 2008;Zebeli &...

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Section: Interpretation Of Ruminal Temperaturementioning

confidence: 90%

Signals for identifying cows at risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy veterinary practice

Humer

Aschenbach

Neubauer

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Nevertheless, as ruminal pH is also affected by neutralisation processes (Aschenbach et al, 2011), these factors might also contribute to rumen health and metabolic adaptation of periparturient dairy cows. We have recently demonstrated that transition dairy cows show different responses of ruminal pH despite similar feeding management (Humer et al, 2015a), posing them at different risks of rumen fermentation disorders postpartum. Moreover, researches over the last years suggested a large variation among dairy cows in the release of stored energy from adipose tissues (Weber et al, 2013;Rico et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic adaptation and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows experiencing different lipolysis early postpartum

Humer

Khol-Parisini

Grüber

et al. 2016

Animal

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Metabolic adaptation includes an array of concerted metabolic and endocrine events that enable dairy cows bridging the period of energy deficit at the onset of lactation. The present study evaluated metabolic, endocrine and reticuloruminal pH changes in 30 (25 Holstein and five Simmental) periparturient dairy cows experiencing variable lipolysis early postpartum. Cows were fed the same close-up and fresh lactation diets and kept in the same management conditions. Blood samples were collected at day 14, and day 4, relative to expected parturition, and at day 2, and day 21 postpartum, and serum metabolites and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as concentrations of several liver enzymes and acute phase proteins were determined. Additionally, reticuloruminal pH was monitored every 10 min over the last 3 days of the observation period. BW and milk yields were recorded and balances of energy and protein were assessed. Based on serum concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) postpartum, cows were retrospectively classified into low (n = 8), medium (n = 11), and high (n = 11) lipolysis groups, with NEFA levels of <0.4 mmol/l, between 0.4 and 0.7 mmol/l, and >0.7 mmol/l, respectively. Overall, elevated NEFA concentrations in the High group went along with a higher ratio of NEFA to cholesterol and reduced insulin sensitivity. While serum glucose, energy deficit and BW loss did not differ, cows of the High group exhibited increased lactate concentrations in the serum, compared with the Medium group. No differences in liver enzymes and acute phase proteins were evidenced among fat mobilization groups, whereas concentration of serum billirubin was lowest in the Low group after parturition. Data of milk yield and milk energy output showed no differences among groups, despite divergences in calculated energy balance and BW change postpartum. Cows of the Low group tended to increase dry matter intake but also showed longer time duration of pH below 6.0 in the reticulorumen (on average 299 min/day compared with 99 and 91 min/day for Medium and High groups, respectively). Differences in metabolic, endocrine and reticuloruminal pH responses indicate diverse metabolic adaptation strategies of early-lactation cows to cope with energy deficit postpartum.Keywords: transition dairy cow, fat mobilization, energy metabolism, energy balance, milk production ImplicationsSmooth metabolic adaptation and maintaining rumen health are highly important during the transition period in dairy cows. This study monitored changes in metabolic and endocrine responses and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows that experienced different degrees of lipolysis early postpartum. The findings of different metabolic adaptation strategies to cope with the energy deficit postpartum and the differences regarding reticuloruminal pH indicate a role of rumen fermentation in the metabolic adaptation of dairy cows. This implies that it is necessary to find a proper balance between prevention of rumen fermentation disorders an...

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“…SARA has negative economic impact on dairy production due to the association with decreased feed intake (Nagaja and Lechtenberg, 2007), diarrhea, laminitis (Nocek, 1997) and milk fat depression (Kleen et al, 2003). Early diagnosis of SARA during the transition period is important to prevent complications at an early stage and enhance cow health (Humer et al, 2015). Buttchereit et al (2010) reported that F/P ratio reflects the energy balance status of a cow in early lactation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes of fat-to-protein ratio from start to the mid-lactation and the impact on milk yield

Vlček¹,

Žitný²,

Kasarda³

2016

JCEA

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes of fat-to-protein ratio (F/P ratio) from early to mid-lactation and the impact on milk yield. 208 Holstein cows from 3 dairy farms in west Slovakia calved between years 2012 and 2015 were observed. Into the study 908 test-day records of milk yield were included. Cows were from 5 to 150 days in milk (DIM). Statistical analysis and analysis of influence of F/P ratio on milk yield were performed by SAS. The sample of observed cows produced 35.25 ± 11.55 kg*day -1 of milk. The average day in milk was 77.40 ± 41.17 and the average F/P ratio was 1.19 ± 0.25. In acidosis risk were 19.71% of all observation and 8.92% were in ketosis risk. The occurrence of acidosis risk increased and the occurrence of ketosis risk decreased from early to mid-lactation. The model described the variation of milk yield by 44.20%. All of the selected effects except the year of calving had high statistical significant (P<0.01) influence to variation of milk yield. The effect of F/P ratio decreased the milk yield by 4.97 kg*day -1. The highest impact of F/P ratio was observed between 5 and 30 DIM and decreased the milk yield by 6.31 kg*day -1 . The average F/P ratio of observations between 5 and 30 DIM was 1.32 ± 0.30. The smallest impact of F/P ratio was found between 61 and 90 DIM and decreased the milk yield by 3.74 kg*day -1 . The average F/P ratio of observation between 61 and 90 DIM was 1.16 ± 0.22. It is possible to use F/P ratio as non-invasive indicator of metabolic status to decrease the negative impact to milk yield. . Priemerná hodnota pomeru tuku a bielkovín medzi 61 až 90 dňom laktácie bola 1,16 ± 0,22. Pomer tuku a bielkovín je možné použiť ako neinvazívny ukazovateľ na zníženie negatívneho dopadu metabolického stavu na mliekovú úžitkovosť.Kľúčové slová: pomer tuku a bielkovín, holštajnské kravy, metabolická porucha, kontrolný deň

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Peripartal changes in reticuloruminal pH and temperature in dairy cows differing in the susceptibility to subacute rumen acidosis

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Signals for identifying cows at risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy veterinary practice

Signals for identifying cows at risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy veterinary practice

Metabolic adaptation and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows experiencing different lipolysis early postpartum

Changes of fat-to-protein ratio from start to the mid-lactation and the impact on milk yield

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