Peripheral antinociception and anti-edematogenic effect of a sulfated polysaccharide from Acanthophora muscoides

Abstract

AmII has important antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties and represents an important therapeutic agent warranting future studies.

<b>Extraction and structural properties of <i>Acanthophora muscoides </i>(Rhodophyceae) extracellular matrix sulfated polysaccharides and their effects on coagulation

“…Samples of this species were sequentially digested three times with papain (6 hours, 60°C), followed by precipitation with CPC and ethanol to obtain crude SPs extracts (Am.E-1, Am.E-2 and Am.E-3) for a total extraction yield of 23.47% from the dehydrated algal tissue (25°C) and lyophilization procedure. According to Table 1, Am.E-1 had highest extraction yield (17%) with SPs levels of 60.67 and 33% for total sugars and sulfate, respectively, similarly to those values found previously by Quinderé et al (2013). Total extraction yields of Am.E-2 and Am.E-3 ranged from 1.82 to 4.65% composing 26.18-29.34% sulfate and 42.02-53.73% total sugars, respectively; however, these values were not identical when compared to those of Am.E-1.…”

“…Then, from plastic bags, they were taken to the Carbohydrates and lectins laboratory (CarboLec), Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. After collection, salt, macroscopic epiphytes and sand were removed from algal samples with tap water and, finally, carefully rinsed with distillated water, macerated in liquid nitrogen and stored at 20°C until use (Quinderé et al, 2013). A voucher specimen (n. 46093) was deposited in the Herbarium Prisco Bezerra in the Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.…”

“…Papain-assisted extraction (6 hours, 60°C) in 100 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) containing cysteine and EDTA (both 5 mM) (Quinderé et al, 2013) was sequentially applied to obtain crude SPs extracts from five grams of the dehydrated algal tissue (Rodrigues et al, 2009). Lyophilized crude SPs extracts (12 mg) were then dissolved in 8 mL of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) and applied to DEAE cellulose column (1.2 × 12 cm) equilibrated with the same solution.…”

“…The purity of the SPs fractions was checked by agarose gel electrophoresis procedure. These experimental protocols were performed, as previously described (Quinderé et al, 2013). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was also performed to estimate the molecular weights of the SPs fractions by comparison with the electrophoretic mobility of standard glycosaminoglycans unfractionated heparin (UHEP, ~ 14 kDa), chondroitin-4-sulfate (C-4-S, ~ 40 kDa), chondroitin-6-sulfate (C-6-S, ~ 60 kDa) and dextran sulfate (Dex, ~ 8 kDa) (Quinderé et al, 2014).…”

“…Agar for industrial use has been extracted from Gracilariaceae, Gelidiaceae and Phyllophoraceae families, using different protocols (Cardozo et al, 2007;Maciel et al, 2008;Amorim et al, 2012). Brazilian samples of A. muscoides (Linnaeus) Bory de Saint-Vicent contained three SPs fractions (Am I, Am II and Am III), of which Am II manifested antinociception, antiinflammation (Quinderé et al, 2013), and antithrombotic effects devoid of the serpindependent action (Quinderé et al, 2014), as well as attenuated inflammation in atherogenesis in vivo (Quinderé et al, 2015). Herein, we sequentially extracted and compared the yield and physical and chemical features; it also structural investigation of its SPs was performed along the extractions, using nuclear magnetic resonance analytical method.…”