Peripheral blood natural killer cell depletion is associated with severe pneumonia in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)

García‐Muñoz, Ricardo; Feliu, Jesús; Anton-Remirez, Judit; Metola, Luís; Sosa-Campos, Enrique; Sanz, Mercedes; Farfan, Giovanna; Labrador-Sánchez, Eztizen; Ibarra, Valvanera; Peña, J. Lutz; Pascual, A. Martínez; Hermosa, María-Jesús; Blasco, Miriam; Llerena-Garcia, Lorena; Najera, M.; Oteo, José A.

doi:10.1007/s11845-021-02701-4

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…25,40,100,101 In addition, the severity of the disease is related to the depletion of NK cells, since it's been observed that NK cells are significantly reduced in patients with severe disease, compared to those with non-severe disease. 102 Regarding the NK cell subpopulations, the CD56 dim / CD56 bright proportions are maintained; however, the CD56 dim seems to be more depleted primarily in ventilatordependent patients, whereas the CD56 bright were significantly depleted in all COVID-19 patients. 37 Similarly, a higher percentage of CD16 + populations and a lower percentage of CD16-have been observed in patients with COVID-19.…”

Section: Participation Of Nk Cells In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 88%

Natural killer cell exhaustion in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Gallardo-Zapata

Maldonado‐Bernal

2022

Innate Immun

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At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a severe respiratory disease occurred in Wuhan China, and an increase in cases of unknown pneumonia was alerted. In January 2020, a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the cause. The virus spreads primarily through the respiratory tract, and lymphopenia and cytokine storms have been observed in severely ill patients. This suggests the existence of an immune dysregulation as an accompanying event during a serious illness caused by this virus. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune responders, critical for virus shedding and immunomodulation. Despite its importance in viral infections, the contribution of NK cells in the fight against SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be deciphered. Different studies in patients with COVID-19 suggest a significant reduction in the number and function of NK cells due to their exhaustion. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how NK cells respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Section: Participation Of Nk Cells In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 88%

Natural killer cell exhaustion in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Gallardo-Zapata

Maldonado‐Bernal

2022

Innate Immun

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In a paper by Garcia-Muñoz et al, the authors evaluated the peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and found that the number of these cells was 75 cells/mcL (range 10-424) in severe patients compared to 150 cells/mcL (range 49-618) in the non-severe group that showed a statistically significant (p = 0.0374) difference [1].Infiltration of NK cells into the lungs is suggested to be due to Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4)/Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) adhesion [2]. VLA-4 is one of the typical signs of tissue-resident cells and is usually expressed on the surface of NK cells and can bind to VCAM-1 [3].

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confidence: 99%

“…In a paper by Garcia-Muñoz et al, the authors evaluated the peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and found that the number of these cells was 75 cells/mcL (range 10-424) in severe patients compared to 150 cells/mcL (range 49-618) in the non-severe group that showed a statistically significant (p = 0.0374) difference [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Reason for peripheral blood natural killer cell depletion in severe COVID-19 patients

Razizadeh

2022

Ir J Med Sci

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In a paper by Garcia-Muñoz et al., the authors evaluated the peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and found that the number of these cells was 75 cells/mcL (range 10-424) in severe patients compared to 150 cells/mcL (range 49-618) in the non-severe group that showed a statistically significant (p = 0.0374) difference [1].Infiltration of NK cells into the lungs is suggested to be due to Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4)/Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) adhesion [2]. VLA-4 is one of the typical signs of tissue-resident cells and is usually expressed on the surface of NK cells and can bind to VCAM-1 [3]. It has been shown that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces leukocyte adhesions including VCAM-1 [4].The VLA-4/VCAM-1 pathway plays a role in inflammation [5]. Thereby, the usage of anti-trafficking agents such as natalizumab that block VLA-4 should be studied in order to find a route to avoid lung inflammation in patients with COVID-19.

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Serology-based therapeutic strategy in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients

García‐Muñoz

Farfán-Quiroga

Ruiz-de-Lobera

et al. 2021

International Immunopharmacology

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SARS-CoV-2 infection can be a life-threatening disease. The optimal treatment of patients is not yet standardized. We use a serology-based therapeutic strategy based on the presence of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in which patients with positive serology receive aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment with high-dose dexamethasone and/or tocilizumab and patients with negative serology receive early convalescent plasma therapy. We also analyze the immunological impact of this therapy in the recovery of T cells, B cells and NK cells during hospitalization in a COVID-19 infectious ward. Our results suggest that aggressive therapy with early administration of convalescent plasma and high-dose dexamethasone may be of benefit in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and might avoid progression of lung damage or need of admission in intensive care. This strategy did not impair immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, as 93% of the patients generated antibodies against the virus. Independently of previous immunological status of the patients, serology-guided therapy might benefit even patients with a high CIRS-G score, immunosuppressed or medically debilitated individuals and elderly patients. T cell disturbances were most frequent in patients who required high-dose dexamethasone, and B cell depletion was most frequent in patients who received tocilizumab. Early passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma does not affect lymphoid recovery.

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Peripheral blood natural killer cell depletion is associated with severe pneumonia in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Natural killer cell exhaustion in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Natural killer cell exhaustion in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Reason for peripheral blood natural killer cell depletion in severe COVID-19 patients

Serology-based therapeutic strategy in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients

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