Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Baseball Players

Cummins, Craig A.

doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2008.10.007

Cited by 19 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…As many as 30% of professional volleyball players have asymptomatic infraspinatus atrophy and weakness 70 ; similar phenomenon, to a lesser extent, has also been found in professional baseball players. 33,34 Differing theories have been proposed for the cause of this phenomenon. One mechanism cited a compression of the suprascapular nerve at the spinoglenoid notch by the superior aspect of the infraspinatus as the shoulder is brought into abduction and external rotation during throwing or serving.…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regardless of the dominant mechanism, the link between suprascapular nerve injury and overhead athletes, particularly volleyball players, is clear. 28,33,34,44,45,62,70,90,104 History and physical examination…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nonoperative treatment program consists of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, activity modification, and a rehabilitation program emphasizing rotator cuff, deltoid, and periscapular stretching and strengthening coupled with scapular stabilization and mechanics exercises. 34,40,62,75,92,108 This recommendation stems from multiple series showing that symptoms and function improved in most patients with initial conservative management. 19,40,75,108 The reasons for the symptomatic and functional improvements are unclear, however.…”

Section: Nonoperative Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis and treatment of this specific condition has been well-described and is most prevalent in overhead athletes, most specifically, volleyball players. [33][34][35]39,44,55,70,79,93,100,109,112,113 A dynamic traction neuropathy at the spinoglenoid notch requires a different approach to treatment than a neuropathy due to a compressive lesion. The dynamic nature of this neuropathy makes it amenable to a trial of nonoperative treatment, and the results of conservative care have been encouraging.…”

Section: Spinoglenoid Notch With An Associated Paralabral Cystmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Suprascapular neuropathy: what does the literature show?

Moen

Babatunde

Hsu

et al. 2012

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

132

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Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonoperative Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spinoglenoid Notch With An Associated Paralabral Cystmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Suprascapular neuropathy: what does the literature show?

Moen

Babatunde

Hsu

et al. 2012

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

132

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“…5 McCarthy et al 6 later reported partial occlusion of the PCHA in a baseball pitcher, with distal embolization to the right third digit, felt to be due to PCHA injury within the QS. Subsequently, QSS has been reported most commonly in overhead or "throwing" athletes in sports that heavily involve abduction and external rotation (AER), including volleyball, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] baseball, [17][18][19][20][21][22] and swimming. 23,24 Quadrilateral space syndrome has also been associated with other activities with frequent AER, such as yoga 25 or window cleaning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadrilateral Space Syndrome

Brown

Doolittle

Bohanon

et al. 2015

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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Quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) arises from compression or mechanical injury to the axillary nerve or the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) as they pass through the quadrilateral space (QS). Quadrilateral space syndrome is an uncommon cause of paresthesia and an underdiagnosed cause of digital ischemia in overhead athletes. Quadrilateral space syndrome can present with neurogenic symptoms (pain and weakness) secondary to axillary nerve compression. In addition, repeated abduction and external rotation of the arm is felt to lead to injury of the PCHA within the QSS. This often results in PCHA thrombosis and aneurysm formation, with distal emboli. Because of relative infrequency, QSS is rarely diagnosed on evaluation of athletes with such symptoms. We report on 9 patients who presented at Mayo Clinic with QSS. Differential diagnosis, a new classification system, and the management of QSS are discussed, with a comprehensive literature review. The following search terms were used on PubMed: axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery, quadrilateral space, and quadrangular space. Articles were selected if they described patients with symptoms from axillary nerve entrapment or PCHA thrombosis, or if related screening or imaging methods were assessed. References available within the obtained articles were also pursued. There was no date or language restriction for article inclusion; 5 studies in languages besides English were reported in German, French, Spanish, Turkish, and Chinese.

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A review of upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries in throwing athletes

Bowers

Cherian

Zaremski

2022

PM&R

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Peripheral nerve injuries in the upper extremities may be common in throwing athletes as the throwing motion places extreme stress on the dominant arm. The combination of extreme stress along with repetitive microtrauma from throwing uniquely places the throwing athlete at elevated risk of upper extremity peripheral nerve injury. However, because symptoms can be nonspecific and frequently coexist with pathology in the upper extremity, the diagnosis of peripheral nerve injury is often delayed. Diagnosis of peripheral nerve injuries may require a combination of history and physical examination, diagnostic imaging, electrodiagnostic testing, and diagnostic ultrasound-guided injections. The primary management should include physical therapy focusing on throwing mechanics and kinetic chain evaluation. However, some athletes require surgical intervention if symptoms do not improve with conservative management. The purpose of this focused narrative review is to highlight upper extremity peripheral neuropathies reported in throwing athletes and to provide an overview of the appropriate clinical diagnosis and management of the throwing athlete with a peripheral nerve injury.

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Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Baseball Players

Cited by 19 publications

References 80 publications

Suprascapular neuropathy: what does the literature show?

Suprascapular neuropathy: what does the literature show?

Quadrilateral Space Syndrome

A review of upper extremity peripheral nerve injuries in throwing athletes

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