Peripheral refraction in myopia corrected with spectacles versus contact lenses

Backhouse, Simon; Fox, Stephanie A.; Ibrahim, Basma M.; Phillips, J. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00912.x

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Peripheral myopic shifts have been reported with Acuvue 1-Day Moist, Acuvue2, and Air Optix Night & Day Aqua contact lenses. 16, 47–49 A hyperopic shift in peripheral defocus has been reported with Proclear and Acuvue2 contact lenses. 49, 50 Although a previous study of Biofinity reported no significant differences in peripheral defocus caused by the lens at most retinal locations, a sudden myopic shift in peripheral defocus at 40 degrees temporal on the retina was reported similar to the profile found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Several previous studies had smaller sample sizes of between 10 to 11 subjects, 16, 47, 48 only evaluated one soft contact lens design, 16, 47, 48, 50 or did not measure as far into the periphery with maximum measurement locations of 20 degrees, 47 30 degrees, 16, 48 and 35 degrees 50 from the line of sight. While most studies have used open-field autorefraction to measure defocus, Shen at al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Single vision minus-power spectacle lenses typically used to correct myopia increase peripheral hyperopic defocus. 16–19 With animal research showing that myopic defocus is a stronger “stop” signal for eye growth versus the acceleration of growth associated with hyperopic defocus, 9 it is hypothesized that optical corrections that induce myopic defocus are capable of slowing myopia progression in humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spherical Soft Contact Lens Designs and Peripheral Defocus in Myopic Eyes

Moore¹,

Benoit²,

Berntsen

2017

Optom Vis Sci

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Purpose Peripheral retinal defocus has been implicated in myopia progression. The effect of commercially-available spherical soft contact lenses (SCLs) on peripheral defocus of adult myopic eyes was investigated. Methods Twenty-five young adults with spherical equivalent (SE) refractions between −0.50 D and −6.00 D were enrolled. Cycloplegic autorefraction (right eye) was measured centrally and ±20°, ±30°, and ±40° from the line of sight along the horizontal meridian using an autorefractor. Four commercially-available spherical SCLs (Biofinity, Acuvue2, PureVision2, and Air Optix Night & Day Aqua) were evaluated. SE defocus (M) was used to calculate relative peripheral defocus (RPD) while wearing each SCL and relative peripheral refraction (RPR) of the uncorrected eye. Spherical aberration (SA) changes due to each SCL were measured along the line of sight by aberrometry. Peripheral defocus was analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance (RM-ANOVA). The association between changes in axial SA and the change in peripheral defocus was evaluated using linear mixed models. Results The mean age (±SD) and central SE refractive error were 24.0 ± 1.3 years and −3.45 ± 1.42 D, respectively. PureVision2 did not change RPD (p=0.33). Significant myopic shifts on the temporal retina were found with three lenses: Acuvue 2 (−0.29 D at 30°; −0.80 D at 40°; both p≤0.01), Biofinity (−1.21 D at 40°; p=0.02), and Air Optix Night & Day Aqua (−0.23 D at 20°, −0.48 D at 30°, and −1.50 D at 40°; all p<0.004). All SCLs caused a negative change in SA. SCLs inducing less negative (more positive) SA changes were associated with a less hyperopic change in RPD. Conclusions Spherical SCL design can influence the peripheral defocus profile experienced by a myopic eye. Several, but not all, SCLs reduced peripheral hyperopia. Differences in how SCL types influence peripheral defocus may have implications for myopia progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spherical Soft Contact Lens Designs and Peripheral Defocus in Myopic Eyes

Moore¹,

Benoit²,

Berntsen

2017

Optom Vis Sci

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“…26 Wear of conventional spectacles does appear to contribute to this peripheral defocus, 27,28 which provided the impetus for the randomized trials of under-correction in preventing myopia progression as cited above. 14,15 The mechanism whereby spectacle wear (compared to nonwear) appears in fact to retard worsening of vision associated with progression of myopia is not well understood.…”

Section: Results From Itt Analysis In This Randomized Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Ma¹,

Congdon²,

Yi³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE: To study safety of children's glasses in rural China, where fear that glasses harm vision is an important barrier for families and policy makers.DESIGN: Exploratory analysis from a clusterrandomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial.METHODS: Among primary schools (n [ 252) in western China, children were randomized by school to 1 of 3 interventions: free glasses provided in class, vouchers for free glasses at a local facility, or glasses prescriptions only (Control group). The main outcome of this analysis is uncorrected visual acuity after 8 months, adjusted for baseline acuity.RESULTS: Among 19 934 children randomly selected for screening, 5852 myopic (spherical equivalent refractive error £L0.5 diopters) eyes of 3001 children (14.7%, mean age 10.5 years) had VA £6/12 without glasses correctable to >6/12 with glasses, and were eligible. Among these, 1903 (32.5%), 1798 (30.7%), and 2151 (36.8%) were randomized to Control, Voucher, and Free Glasses, respectively. Intention-totreat analyses were performed on all 1831 (96.

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“…Furthermore, experimental evidence supports the notion that visual stimulus detection and signaling from the retina to the sclera occur locally [35–38; 91]. In particular, peripheral defocus is thought to promote myopia in humans [92–97]. We imposed heterogeneous scleral remodeling across the scleral shell using the function δ α .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-scale Modeling of Vision-Guided Remodeling and Age-Dependent Growth of the Tree Shrew Sclera During Eye Development and Lens-Induced Myopia

Grytz

Hamdaoui

2016

J Elast

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The sclera uses unknown mechanisms to match the eye’s axial length to its optics during development, producing eyes with good focus (emmetropia). A myopic eye is too long for its own optics. We propose a multi-scale computational model to simulate eye development based on the assumption that scleral growth is controlled by genetic factors while scleral remodeling is driven by genetic factors and the eye’s refractive error. We define growth as a mechanism that changes the tissue volume and mass while remodeling involves internal micro-deformations that are volume-preserving at the macroscale. The model was fitted against longitudinal refractive measurements in tree shrews of different ages and exposed to three different visual conditions: (i) normal development; (ii) negative lens wear to induce myopia; and (iii) recovery from myopia by removing the negative lens. The model was able to replicate the age- and vision-dependent response of the tree shrew experiments. Scleral growth ceased at younger age than scleral remodeling. The remodeling rate decreased as the eye emmetropized but increased at any age when a negative lens was put on. The predictive power of the model was investigated by calculating the susceptibility to scleral remodeling and the response to form deprivation myopia in tree shrews. Both predictions were in good agreement with experimental data that were not used to fit the model. We propose the first model that distinguishes scleral growth from remodeling. The good agreement of our results with experimental data supports the notion that scleral growth and scleral remodeling are two independently controlled mechanisms during eye development.

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Peripheral refraction in myopia corrected with spectacles versus contact lenses

Cited by 47 publications

References 39 publications

Spherical Soft Contact Lens Designs and Peripheral Defocus in Myopic Eyes

Spherical Soft Contact Lens Designs and Peripheral Defocus in Myopic Eyes

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Multi-scale Modeling of Vision-Guided Remodeling and Age-Dependent Growth of the Tree Shrew Sclera During Eye Development and Lens-Induced Myopia

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