Peripheral Refraction in Normal Infant Rhesus Monkeys

Hung, Li-Fang; Ramamirtham, Ramkumar; Huang, Juan; Qiao-Grider, Ying; Smith, Earl L.

doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1493

Cited by 48 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Streak retinoscopy has been used to characterize the peripheral refraction pattern (skiagrams) in humans 2 and more recently in monkeys. 3 Commercial autorefractors 4 -7 as well as global image quality techniques like the Hartman-Shack wavefront sensor 8 -10 and the doublepass technique 11 have been frequently used to measure the peripheral refractive errors in different studies in humans. An infrared video-photoretinoscope 12 includes the advantage of measuring from a distance, and it has been used to assess the peripheral refractive state in humans 13 and chickens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

More Irregular Eye Shape in Low Myopia Than in Emmetropia

Tabernero¹,

Schaeffel²

2009

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

More Irregular Eye Shape in Low Myopia Than in Emmetropia

Tabernero¹,

Schaeffel²

2009

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…15,22,36 The central and peripheral refractive errors for six of the normal monkeys have also been previously reported. 22 The rearing and measurement regimens for the six new normal monkeys were identical with those for the six normal monkeys that were studied previously, and thus the data for all 12 normal monkeys were combined as a single group.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Our basic methods have been described in detail elsewhere. 20,36,37 In brief, to make the ocular measurements, the monkeys were anesthetized with an intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride (15-20 mg/kg) and acepromazine maleate (0.15-0.2 mg/kg) and cycloplegia was produced with topically-administered 1% tropicamide. The refractive status of each eye was determined independently by two experienced investigators by streak retinoscopy and then averaged 38 and specified as spherical-equivalent, spectacleplane refractive corrections.…”

Section: Ocular Biometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Foveal Ablation on the Pattern of Peripheral Refractive Errors in Normal and Form-deprived Infant Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Huang

Hung

Smith

2011

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine whether visual signals from the fovea contribute to the changes in the pattern of peripheral refractions associated with form deprivation myopia in monkeys. METHODS. Monocular form-deprivation was produced in 18 rhesus monkeys by securing diffusers in front of their treated eyes between 22 ± 2 and 155 ± 17 days of age. In eight of these form-deprived monkeys, the fovea and most of the perifovea of the treated eye were ablated by laser photocoagulation at the start of the diffuser-rearing period. Each eye's refractive status was measured by retinoscopy along the pupillary axis and at 15° intervals along the horizontal meridian to eccentricities of 45°. Control data were obtained from 12 normal monkeys and five monkeys that had monocular foveal ablations and were subsequently reared with unrestricted vision. RESULTS. Foveal ablation, by itself, did not produce systematic alterations in either the central or peripheral refractive errors of the treated eyes. In addition, foveal ablation did not alter the patterns of peripheral refractions in monkeys with form-deprivation myopia. The patterns of peripheral refractive errors in the two groups of form-deprived monkeys, either with or without foveal ablation, were qualitatively similar (treated eyes: F = 0.31, P = 0.74; anisometropia: F = 0.61, P = 0.59), but significantly different from those found in the normal monkeys (F = 8.46 and 9.38 respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Central retinal signals do not contribute in an essential way to the alterations in eye shape that occur during the development of vision-induced axial myopia.

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“…18 Since the start of the MCOS, the importance of peripheral imagery in the etiology of myopia has been acknowledged both in animal and in human studies. [33][34][35] Consequently, as an adjunct to the present study, peripheral axial length measures in the horizontal plane (using partial coherence interferometry) will be recorded at the 24-month follow-up visit for both study groups, at successive eccentricities at successive eccentricities from from 10º to 30º temporally and nasally. 36 Another constraint of the MCOS study is that the investigator collecting clinical data (CV-C) was not masked with respect to the mode of visual correction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain (MCOS): Study Design and General Baseline Characteristics

Santodomingo-Rubido¹,

Villa-Collar

Gilmartin

et al. 2009

Journal of Optometry

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PURPOSE:Although previous studies suggest that orthokeratology contact lens wear slows eye growth in children with progressing myopia, some limitations in the methodology employed have become evident. Furthermore, the safety of this modality of visual correction has not been assessed. The study "Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain" (MCOS) is being conducted to compare axial length growth between white European myopic children wearing orthokeratology contact lenses (OK) and wearing distance single-vision spectacles (SV). Additionally, the incidence of adverse events and discontinuations is also recorded. We outline the methodology and baseline data adopted. METHODS: Subjects aged 6 to 12, with myopia ranging from 0.75 to 4.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.00 D were prospectively allocated OK or SV correction. Measurements of axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal topography, cycloplegic autorefraction, visual acuity and corneal staining are performed at 6-month intervals. The incidence of adverse events and discontinuations are also recorded. RESULTS: Thirty one children were fitted with OK and 31 with SV correction. Eight subjects did not meet the refraction-related inclusion criteria for enrollment. No significant differences were found in baseline mean age and refractive and biometric data between the two groups (P>0.05). No adverse events were found in any of the two groups at baseline. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, MCOS is the first prospective clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of orthokeratology contact lens wear to slow myopia progression vs. single-vision spectacle wear. The MCOS offers a number of notable features: prospective design; well-matched samples and high-resolution ocular biometry measures, which should collectively elucidate whether orthokeratology contact lens wear is a feasible and safe method for myopia-progression control. (J Optom 2009;2:215-222 ©2009 Spanish Council of Optometry) KEY WORDS: myopia control; orthokeratology; axial length; myopia progression; eye elongation. RESUMEN OBJETIVO:A pesar de que estudios previos sugieren que el uso de lentes de contacto para ortoqueratología ralentizan el crecimiento ocular en niños con miopía progresiva, ha quedado de manifiesto algunas limitaciones en la metodología empleada en dichos estudios. Además, hasta la fecha no se ha evaluado la seguridad de esta modalidad de corrección visual. El estudio "Control de la miopía con lentes de contacto para ortoqueratología en España" (MCOS, según sus siglas en inglés) se está llevando a cabo para evaluar el aumento de la longitud axial ocular en niños miopes europeos de raza blanca, usuarios de lentes de contacto de ortoqueratología frente a usuarios de gafas monofocales. Además, también se está evaluando la incidencia de reacciones adversas y abandonos. En este artículo explicamos la metodología empleada, así como los datos iniciales del estudio. MÉTODOS: Se asignó de manera prospectiva corrección OK o SV a sujetos de entre 6 y 12 años de edad, con ...

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Peripheral Refraction in Normal Infant Rhesus Monkeys

Cited by 48 publications

References 46 publications

More Irregular Eye Shape in Low Myopia Than in Emmetropia

More Irregular Eye Shape in Low Myopia Than in Emmetropia

Effects of Foveal Ablation on the Pattern of Peripheral Refractive Errors in Normal and Form-deprived Infant Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain (MCOS): Study Design and General Baseline Characteristics

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