Peripheral thermal sensitivity in the rabbit

Kluger, MJ; Rr, Gonzalez; Jd, Hardy

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1972.222.4.1031

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Although the rectal temperature of rabbits is recorded as 38-98 [12] to 39.2 [13], the brain temperature varies between 37.61 [12] to 38.7 ~:C [13]. Kluger et al [13] measured the hypothalamic temperatures of rabbits under various environmental conditions and found them to vary between 38-4 and 38.8 C. The temperature of rabbit meninges is not available in the literature but it may be cooler than the hypothalamus. Although the optimum temperature for growth in C. bantianum was 30 ~:C, it grew well in the brain when injected intravenously into mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of an isolate resembling Banti's fungus withCladosporium trichoides

Kwon‐Chung¹,

Vries²

1983

Med Mycol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of an isolate resembling Banti's fungus withCladosporium trichoides

Kwon‐Chung¹,

Vries²

1983

Med Mycol

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“…They were habituated to the experimental procedures by being placed in their supporters and handled for 3-4 h for 5 consecutive days before an experiment. Rabbits were chosen for these studies because they are highly sensitive to lipopolysaccharide (Keene et al 1961;Wolff et al 1965), and a broad data base already exists on their thermal physiology, including during fever (Gonzalez et al 1971;Kluger et al 1972;Cranston et al 1978;Blatteis et al 1986). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The control ambient temperatures (T a ) for these experiments were, respectively, 22°C, the usual T a of the rooms in which the rabbits were housed and corresponding to their thermopreferendum (Kluger et al 1972), and 27°C, the upper range of the thermoneutral zone of this species (Hill 1959). The relative humidity was uncontrolled in these studies; it usually varied between 50% and 60% in our laboratory.…”

Section: Heat Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulation in complex situations: combined heat exposure, infectious fever and water deprivation

Blatteis

2000

International Journal of Biometeorology

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Heat exposure, infectious fever and water deprivation are stressors that, individually, produce disturbances in more than one regulated system, calling for diverse compensatory responses. A potential conflict is created when these stimuli are combined and impose concurrent stressful loads on the body because the homeostatic defenses mobilized against one are also partly needed against the other stressors. To learn how the competing demands of combined stressors for shared regulatory systems are met, rabbits were exposed to 32 degrees C and 37 degrees C (heat), administered lipopolysaccharide (Salmonella enteritidis LPS, 2 lg/kg, i.v.) in temperatures of 22 degrees C or 27 degrees C, or water-deprived for 1 or 2 days in 22 degrees C or 27 degrees C, in separate experiments. The corresponding controls were exposed to 22 degrees C or 27 degrees C, administered pyrogen-free saline i.v. in 22 degrees C or 27 degrees C, or normally hydrated in 22 degrees C or 27 degrees C. In subsequent experiments, two or all three of these treatments were applied concurrently. Core and ear skin temperatures and respiratory rates were monitored continuously. The results indicated that the concomitant needs of moderate heat exposure, fever and 1 day of water deprivation were generally met by the regulatory systems involved, but different patterns of thermoeffector activities were evoked and the eventual body temperature changes produced were different under each condition. However, when the test conditions were severe, their combined needs were not met adequately and the eventual compensatory response depended not only on the particular stimulus intensity, but also on the immediate importance for survival of the functions being defended. Thus, dehydration was the most dangerous factor to the physiological integrity of the animals. In sum, conflicting physiological stimuli appear to result in responses that are different from the responses to a single perturbation, the eventual output representing the resultant of the inputs rather than a singular output dictated by one dominant drive to the exclusion of the others.

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“…Rabbit pinna is very sensitive to ambient temperatures [Kluger et al, 1971[Kluger et al, , 1972, particularly during rapid thermal transients, and plays a key role in regulating core body temperature in response to variations in pinnal blood circulation [Kluger et al, 1972;Hill and Veghte, 1976;Roberts and Zygmunt, 1984;Taylor et al, 1992]. IR thermography of rabbit pinnae reveals that the heterogeneous skin temperature profiles are strongly influenced by the vascular tone of major blood vessels [Hill and Veghte, 1976;Mohler and Heath, 1988].…”

Section: Utility Of Rabbit Pinna In Rf Exposure Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, rabbit pinna contains the primary structures of cutaneous tissue, including blood vessels and cartilage [Roberts and Zygmunt, 1984;Ninomiya, 2000], which is thoroughly different from phantoms and better simulates the human ear histologically [Ngim, 1992]. Second, the pinna functions as a temperature sensor [Kluger et al, 1971[Kluger et al, , 1972 and a thermoregulatory organ in rabbits [Appenzeller, 1966;Kluger et al, 1972;Hill and Veghte, 1976], thus we accepted rabbit pinna as an appropriate biological and physiological system for investigating temperature change induced by RF exposure. Finally, its thin, broad, and flat shape is well suited for this experimental design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of blood flow on RF exposure induced skin temperature elevations in rabbit ears

Jia

Ushiyama

Masuda

et al. 2006

Bioelectromagnetics

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In this in vivo study, we measured local temperature changes in rabbit pinnae, which were evoked by radiofrequency (RF) exposure for 20 min at localized SAR levels of 0 (sham exposure), 2.3, 10.0, and 34.3 W/kg over 1.0 g rabbit ear tissue. The effects of RF exposures on skin temperature were measured under normal blood flow and without blood flow in the ear. The results showed: (1) physiological blood flow clearly modified RF induced thermal elevation in the pinna as blood flow significantly suppressed temperature increases even at 34.3 W/kg; (2) under normal blood flow conditions, exposures at 2.3 and 10.0 W/kg, approximating existing safety limits for the general public (2 W/kg) and occupational exposure (10 W/kg), did not induce significant temperature rises in the rabbit ear. However, 2.3 W/kg induced local skin temperature elevation under no blood flow conditions. Our results demonstrate that the physiological effects of blood flow should be considered when extrapolating modeling data to living animals, and particular caution is needed when interpreting the results of modeling studies that do not include blood flow.

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Peripheral thermal sensitivity in the rabbit

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Comparative study of an isolate resembling Banti's fungus withCladosporium trichoides

Comparative study of an isolate resembling Banti's fungus withCladosporium trichoides

Thermoregulation in complex situations: combined heat exposure, infectious fever and water deprivation

Role of blood flow on RF exposure induced skin temperature elevations in rabbit ears

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