Periphyton Production in an Appalachian Mountain Trout Stream

Hornick, L. E.; Webster, Jackson R.; Benfield, E. F.

doi:10.2307/2425132

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This result has been confirmed elsewhere (Hornick et al 1981;Keithan & Lowe 1985;Hill & Harvey 1990). It has been suggested that riparian vegetation can thus indirectly reduce secondary productivity and invertebrate densities (Allen 1951;Hopkins 1976;O'Hop et al 1984;Behmer & Hawkins 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effects of riparian willow trees(Salix fragilis)on macroinvertebrate densities in two small Central Otago, New Zealand, streams

Lester

Mitchell

Scott

1994

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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The effects of an introduced willow tree species (Salix fragilis) on the densities of macroinvertebrates were examined in two Central Otago, New Zealand, streams during 1991. Significantly lower invertebrate densities and biomass were observed in willow-lined sections of the streams than in nearby open sections in summer, autumn, and winter. This result was observed in riffles and pools, for most dominant species and nearly all functional feeding groups. The effect was not associated with differences in the amount of fine paniculate organic matter (< 1 mm), stone surface organic layer biomass, or chlorophyll a concentration, which were similar it open and willow-shaded sites. Amounts of coarse paniculate organic matter (> 5 mm) were significantly higher in willow-shaded riffles, but this did not result in increased abundance or biomass of shredders. Willow trees reduced incident stream illumination by as much as 80%, but did not appear to influence water chemistry between open and willow-shaded sites. The decreased invertebrate densities probably result from a decrease in average substrate size and/or a lowering of food production through shading effects. M93063

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effects of riparian willow trees(Salix fragilis)on macroinvertebrate densities in two small Central Otago, New Zealand, streams

Lester

Mitchell

Scott

1994

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…Downstream increases in primary productivity were also reported in the Arakawa River and related to change geomorphic features (emergence of the stream from a narrow canyon, Kobayasi, 1961b), in the Raritan River largely in response to nutrient enrichment (Flemer, 1970), in an Appalachian stream system (Hornick et al, 1981) and in the Matamek and Moisie River drainages, Quebec in response to changing stream morphology (Naiman, 1983). In contrast, maximum productivity occurred in intermediate reaches in the Blue River where the substratum was more stable than farther downstream (Duffer & Dorris, 1966) and primary productivity decreased with downstream direction on the Madison River, Montana (Wright & Mills, 1967).…”

Section: Downstream Trends In Chlorophyll a And Community Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Open system gas techniques were employed to estimate annual metabolism for a single reach (Odum, 1957;Hall, 1972;Fisher & Carpenter, 1976;Simonsen & Harremoes, 1978;Cushing& Wolf, 1982), to derive single season data for several river reaches (H oskin, 1959;Wright & Mills, 1967;Hornberger et al, 1977), and in two instances to measure metabolism in more than one reach at several times of year (Duffer & Dorris, 1966;Flemer, 1970). Isotopic procedures also have been employed to estimate periphytic (Elwood & Nelson, 1972;Naiman, 1976;Bott & Ritter, 1981;Hornick et al, 1981) and planktonic (Wissmar et al, 1981) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic community metabolism in four temperate stream systems: An inter-biome comparison and evaluation of the river continuum concept

et al. 1985

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Benthic community metabolism was studied on four stream systems located in different biomes in the United States: the eastern deciduous forest (Pennsylvania, PA, and Michigan, MI), the high desert (Idaho, ID), and the coniferous forest (Oregon, OR). Studies were designed to test the hypothesis advanced within the River Continuum Concept that a transition in community metabolism will occur from a predominance of heterotrophy in headwaters to a predominance of autotrophy in mid-sized reaches, with a return to heterotrophy further downstream. Both gross primary productivity (GPP) and community respiration (CR 24 ) increased with downstream direction on all systems. Net daily metabolism (NDM, or GPP -CR 2 4 ) shifted from heterotrophy (-NDM, GPP < CR 24 ) to autotrophy (+NDM, GPP > CR 2 4 ) with downstream direction at all sites, supporting the hypothesis. Annual metabolism in the most upstream reach of all sites was dominated by respiration; however, the farthest downstream reach was not necessarily the most autotrophic. Site-specific factors affected manifestation of the trend. Photosynthesis predominated annual metabolism in reaches (designated 1-4 in order of increasing size) 2-4 in ID, 3 and 4 in OR, and 4 in MI. In PA annual photosynthesis was slightly greater than respiration only at Station 3. Photosynthesis was predominant most consistently in ID and respiration most often in PA. About half the reaches that were heterotrophic annually were autotrophic at one or more seasons. Annual means of benthic GPP, CR 24 and NDM ranged from 0.16 to 3.37, 0.36 to 2.88 and -0.73 to 0.50 g 02 m 2 d 1, respectively. Metabolic rates were usually high in PA and Ml (and sometimes ID) and almost always lowest in OR. Parameters accounting for most variance in multiple linear regression analyses of the combined metabolism data from all sites were indicators of stream size, photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, and chlorophyll a concentration.

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“…Measuring primary productivity of benthic communities in lotStudies of primary productivity in aquatic ecoic environments has been a major problem in the systems have provided much information toward past because of the necessity of maintaining the the understanding of the nature of the energy that is flow of water across the algae while the photosyntheavailable in both planktonicand benthiccommunisis or respiration rate is measured. The effect of current on periphytic primary productivity and respiration rates has been demonstrated in a number of studies (Whitford & Schumacher, 1961Mclntire, 1966aMclntire, , 1966bRodgers & Harvey, 1976;Lock & John, 1979;Hornick et al, 1981). It was suggested by Whitford & Schumacher (1961) that current produces a steep diffusion gradient, thereby increasing exchange of materials between attached, current inhabiting species and the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary productivity and spatial structure of phytolithic growth in streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee

Keithan

Lowe

1985

Hydrobiologia

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The purpose of this study was to examine the primary production rates of phytolithic communities found in the major different habitats of streams and determine the effects of physical and chemical parameters associated with each habitat on periphyton community spatial structure. The project was designed to study natural, intact communities within stream systems.A comparative analysis was made of phytolithic communities found in Camel Hump and Husky Branch streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Camel Hump flows through virgin forest area and Husky Branch flows through an area logged approximately 60 y ago. The effects of logging on Husky Branch stream and the surrounding watershed are discussed.Seasonal data were collected from July, 1981 through May, 1982 from fast flow, slow flow and pool areas within each stream. An incubation chamber designed for use in lotic systems was used for in situ measurements of 1 4 C uptake. Rock samples collected at each site were used as substrates for community structure observations utilizing a scanning electron microscope.The algal communities of Camel Hump and Husky Branch streams were found to be predominantly composed of diatoms. The dominant genera in the fast, slow and pool areas included Achnanthes, Eunotia, Meridion, Navicula and Gomphonema. Fast flow areas were dominated by diatom species growing in a prostrate position. Slow flow areas were more densely populated by diatoms than the fast flow areas. Diatoms in the slow flow areas appeared mainly in prostrate position with a few stalked forms present. Pool area communities were less densely packed than slow flow areas and contained stalked and chain formations of diatoms.Results indicate that the physical and chemical parameters associated with each habitat affect the primary production rates and community structure found at the experimental sites. Measurements of carbon assimilation and chlorophyll a concentration were significantly greater in habitats of higher current velocity and light availability. Cell densities tend to increase with a decrease in current velocity. Habitats of high density showed a decrease in diversity and evenness. Correlations between productivity in the various habitats of each stream and other parameters measured in the study are discussed. Introductionties of lentic and lotic environments. Measuring primary productivity of benthic communities in lotStudies of primary productivity in aquatic ecoic environments has been a major problem in the systems have provided much information toward past because of the necessity of maintaining the the understanding of the nature of the energy that is flow of water across the algae while the photosyntheavailable in both planktonicand benthiccommunisis or respiration rate is measured. The effect of

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Periphyton Production in an Appalachian Mountain Trout Stream

Cited by 57 publications

References 68 publications

Effects of riparian willow trees(Salix fragilis)on macroinvertebrate densities in two small Central Otago, New Zealand, streams

Effects of riparian willow trees(Salix fragilis)on macroinvertebrate densities in two small Central Otago, New Zealand, streams

Benthic community metabolism in four temperate stream systems: An inter-biome comparison and evaluation of the river continuum concept

Primary productivity and spatial structure of phytolithic growth in streams in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee

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