Perirenal Fat Thickness is Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective Recent advances in perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) highlighted that PAT might involve in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and dysfunctional metabolic diseases. This study assessed the association between perirenal fat thickness (PrFT) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MALFD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This study comprised 867 eligible participants with T2DM. Trained reviewers collected anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The diagnosis of MAFLD was based on the latest international expert consensus statement. PrFT and fatty liver were evaluated by computed tomography. The visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index were used to assess progressive liver fibrosis in MAFLD. Results Overall, the prevalence of MAFLD was 62.3% in T2DM. The PrFT in the MAFLD group was statistically increased than in the non-MAFLD group ( P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that PrFT was significantly correlated with dysfunctional metabolic factors like body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, and insulin resistance. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PrFT was positively correlated with NFS ( β =0.146, P <0.001) and FIB-4 ( β =0.082, P =0.025) in the MAFLD. In contrast, PrFT was negatively correlated with CT L-S ( β =−0.188, P <0.001). Furthermore, PrFT was also significantly associated with MAFLD independent of VFA and SFA, the OR (95% CI) was 1.279 (1.191–1.374). Meanwhile, PrFT also had a good identifying value for MAFLD as VFA. The area under the curve (95% CI) value of PrFT identifying MAFLD was 0.782 (0.751–0.812). The optimal cut-off value of PrFT was 12.6mm, with a sensitivity of 77.8% and specificity of 70.8%. Conclusion PrFT was independently associated with MAFLD, NFS, and FIB-4 and showed a similar identifying value for MAFLD as VFA, which suggested that PrFT can be used as an alternative index to VFA.

Visceral fat area is more strongly associated with arterial stiffness than abdominal subcutaneous fat area in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes

“…Insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were observed to improve in animal trials when SAT was transplanted into the visceral cavity [ 37 ]. VAT produces pro-inflammatory cytokines, recruiting more pro-inflammatory macrophages and secreting more vasoconstrictive mediators than SAT [ 4 , 38 , 39 ]. Studies have shown that in people with the same BMI, the risk of CVD increases with the accumulation of visceral fat [ 40 ].…”

Perirenal fat thickness contributes to the estimated 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…Perirenal fat thickness (PrFT) emerges as a validated index proficient in accurately representing the PAT mass ( 13 ). Previous studies have demonstrated a close association between increased PAT and cardiometabolic risk factors, such as hypertension ( 14 ), metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease ( 15 ), and increased carotid intima-media thickness ( 16 ). However, limited data has investigated the association between increased PAT and estimated CVD or ASCVD risk.…”