Peritoneal Dialysis

Current techniques in peritoneal dialysis

“…The primary indication for PD in animals is for the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI). This includes oliguric or anuric kidney injury, acute polyuric kidney injury with severe uremia that is unresponsive to fluid therapy, and postrenal uremia resulting from ureteral obstruction . Although PD is less efficient than hemodialysis in correcting uremia and water and solute abnormalities, it still has a number of therapeutic advantages .…”

“…Additional indications for PD include treatment of toxicities in which the offending toxin can be removed by diffusion across the peritoneal membrane. Such toxins include ethylene glycol, ethanol, and barbiturates . Severe metabolic disturbances, such as hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, hepatic encephalopathy, and resistant metabolic acidosis, also can be corrected with PD .…”

“…Such toxins include ethylene glycol, ethanol, and barbiturates . Severe metabolic disturbances, such as hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, hepatic encephalopathy, and resistant metabolic acidosis, also can be corrected with PD . PD with hypertonic dialysate can be used to remove excess body water in animals with life‐threatening fluid overload, such as that which occurs with heart failure.…”

“…An ideal catheter allows efficient inflow and outflow. It is biocompatible and resists infection of both the peritoneum and the subcutaneous tunnel . There are many catheter designs available and most are modifications of a fenestrated silicone tube with Dacron cuffs positioned to promote fibrous adhesions at the peritoneal and cutaneous exit sites (Table ).…”

“…Simple tube catheters with stylets can be placed percutaneously in conscious animals using local anesthetics in an emergency situation . A percutaneous cystotomy tube catheter has been used successfully for acute short‐term PD (Figure ).…”