Perivascular cells in cartilage canals of the developing mouse epiphysis

Cole, Ada A.; Wezeman, Frederick H.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001740203

Cited by 50 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These cells resorb the cartilaginous matrix and open the lacunae of adjacent chondrocytes. Previous studies have reported similar results where mononuclear or TRAP-positive cells (tartrate-resistent acid phosphatase) are present in the same position (Cole and Wezeman 1985;Chappard et al, 1986;Á lvarez et al, 2005a,b). The resting chondrocytes immediately in front of the apical tips show morphological evidence of cell death and also display active caspase 3 reactivity, thus confirming previous observations in the rat tibia where chondrocytes seemed to degenerate during canal formation (Lee et al, 2001).…”

Section: Formation Of Cartilage Canals and Bone Development In The DIsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Á lvarez et al (2005b) reported that several of these cells are released as viable cells into the canal cavity and finally might differentiate into boneforming cells. Similarly, freeing of chondrocytes from the matrix surrounding cartilage canals was proposed by Cole and Wezeman (1985). In contrast, other studies suggested that elongation of canals causes death of resting chondrocytes (Roach et al, 1998;Lee et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In the proximal tibia and distal femur of murine species, cartilage canals originate in early postnatal stages and it was shown that they enable the formation of an SOC within the epiphysis (Kugler et al, 1979;Cole and Cole, 1989;Holmbeck et al, 1999;Lee et al, 2001;Á lvarez et al, 2005a,b). However, it was never demonstrated that cartilage canals supply the SOC with osteogenic cells and hence the exact role of cartilage canals in normal bone development is still not well characterized.…”

Section: Formation Of Cartilage Canals and Bone Development In The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these observations, cartilage canals are considered essential for endochondral bone development in the avian epiphysis (Blumer et al, 2005(Blumer et al, , 2006. Interestingly, it was noted that in several mammals cartilage canals can regress as the animal gets older (Wilsman and Van Sickle, 1972;Cole and Wezeman, 1985;Ytrehus et al, 2004a,b). This event is a physiological age-dependent process described as chondrification in which the vessels degenerate and the mesenchymal cells are converted into matrix-producing chondrocytes, occluding the lumen of the canal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These canals run through the uncalcified hyaline cartilage prior to the establishment of a secondary ossification centre (SOC) in long bones (e.g., femur, tibia) of avian (Lutfi, 1970;Blumer et al, 2004aBlumer et al, ,b, 2005Blumer et al, , 2006Eslaminejad et al, 2006) and numerous mammals (Stockwell, 1971;Cole and Wezeman, 1985;Cole and Cole, 1989;Visco et al, 1990;Burkus et al, 1993;Ganey et al, 1995;Roach et al, 1998;Rivas and Shapiro, 2002;Doschak et al, 2003;Á lvarez et al, 2005a,b). Similarly, in human short bones without epiphysis (e.g., tarsal bones, vertebrae), the canals are present before the initial site of an ossification nucleus is evident (Agrawal et al, 1986;Chandraraj and Briggs, 1988;Fritsch and Eggers, 1999;Fritsch et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Bone development in the femoral epiphysis of mice: The role of cartilage canals and the fate of resting chondrocytes

Blumer

Longato

Schwarzer

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In mammals, the exact role of cartilage canals is still under discussion. Therefore, we studied their development in the distal femoral epiphysis of mice to define the importance of these canals. Various approaches were performed to examine the histological, cellular, and molecular events leading to bone formation. Cartilage canals started off as invaginations of the perichondrium at day (D) 5 after birth. At D 10, several small ossification nuclei originated around the canal branched endings. Finally, these nuclei coalesced and at D 18 a large secondary ossification centre (SOC) occupied the whole epiphysis. Cartilage canal cells expressed type I collagen, a major bone-relevant protein. During canal formation, several resting chondrocytes immediately around the canals were active caspase 3 positive but others were freed into the canal cavity and appeared to remain viable. We suggest that cartilage canal cells belong to the bone lineage and, hence, they contribute to the formation of the bony epiphysis. Several resting chondrocytes are assigned to die but others, after freeing into the canal cavity, may differentiate into osteoblasts.

show abstract

Section: Formation Of Cartilage Canals and Bone Development In The DIsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Formation Of Cartilage Canals and Bone Development In The DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bone development in the femoral epiphysis of mice: The role of cartilage canals and the fate of resting chondrocytes

Blumer

Longato

Schwarzer

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Tibial segmental defect repair: Chondrogenesis and biomechanical strength modulated by basic fibroblast growth factor

et al. 1997

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The effect of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on cartilage development and bone biomechanical strength during healing of a tibial segmental defect was studied in the rat. Two reports on the effect of basic FGF administration during fracture healing and several reports on the effects of acidic FGF have documented different responses of callus cartilage to this important growth factor. This is the first report of the effect of bFGF on cartilage formation in the healing of a grafted segmental defect in the rat. Methods The tibiae of 80 male rats underwent segmental resection of the mid‐diaphyseal region. One‐half of this group consisted of controls that received insertion of an intramedullary wire with a coralline hydroxyapatite graft and Gelfoam without bFGF. The tibiae of the other half were treated identically but had the Gelfoam impregnated with 1 μg bFGF. Animals were killed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Histological sections were stained with toluidine blue to differentiate the cartilage. Areas of metachromatically stained extracellular matrix, cell areas, cell size, and cellularity were quantified by using image analysis. Unfixed treated and control tibiae were tested for bone failure strength by using four‐point bending on an Instron machine. Results Control bone failure strength was significantly greater than bFGF‐treated bones at 2 weeks and energy‐to‐failure was significantly decreased in treated bones at 2 weeks. Although strength increased with time in all groups, treated groups at 4 and 8 weeks did not differ from controls. Basic FGF treatment promoted an increase in the development of normal hyaline cartilage and vasculogenesis at 2 weeks as compared with controls. Total cartilage declined over time in all groups. Average cell size and cell number did not change with either treatment or time. Bone formation and healing was equivalent in treated and control groups at 8 weeks. Conclusions The results indicate that bFGF released directly and initially but not continuously exerts a transient positive effect on hyaline cartilage formation at the expense of repair site strength and does not accelerate healing. Anat. Rec. 248:198–204, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

show abstract

Epiphyseal and physeal cartilage vascularization: A light microscopic and tritiated thymidine autoradiographic study of cartilage canals in newborn and young postnatal rabbit bone

Shapiro

1998

Anat. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The vascular pattern of newborn and early postnatal epiphyseal and physeal cartilage is integral to long bone development and differs from later postnatal patterns. In the present study, we supplement light microscopic histology with tritiated thymidine autoradiography to help assess the position of cartilage canals and the dynamics of cartilage vascularity in relation to growth. Tritiated thymidine labeling studies to assess cell proliferation activity were done by using 2 µc/g body weight intraperitoneal injections into newborn and 3-, 4-, and 7-day-old New Zealand white rabbits that were killed 1 hr after the injection. Proximal humeral, distal femoral, and third metatarsal epiphyses were assessed by routine histology and serial section autoradiography. Cartilage canals were seen in each epiphysis. Transphyseal vessels were seen in each epiphysis continuous from the epiphysis to the metaphysis or were present within the physis traversing the proliferating and hypertrophic cell zones. Histologic sections showed vessels from the perichondrium continuous with those of the epiphyseal cartilage canals at proximal humeral, distal femoral, and metatarsal epiphyses. Serial sections showed vascular buds and connective tissue cells lying in indentations at the periphery of and present within the epiphyseal cartilage. Autoradiographic studies showed extensive labeling of vessel wall cells and surrounding connective tissue cells of the cartilage canals (a) within the epiphyseal cartilage, (b) traversing the physis, and (c) within the epiphyseal cartilage but continuous with the perichondrial vessels. The labeling was always far more extensive than in the surrounding chondrocytes and was always present throughout the entire extent of the canals. In conclusion, the cell labeling activity strongly supports an active dynamic phenomenon underlying the vascularization of epiphyseal and physeal cartilage. Anat.

show abstract

Perivascular cells in cartilage canals of the developing mouse epiphysis

Cited by 50 publications

References 33 publications

Bone development in the femoral epiphysis of mice: The role of cartilage canals and the fate of resting chondrocytes

Bone development in the femoral epiphysis of mice: The role of cartilage canals and the fate of resting chondrocytes

Tibial segmental defect repair: Chondrogenesis and biomechanical strength modulated by basic fibroblast growth factor

Epiphyseal and physeal cartilage vascularization: A light microscopic and tritiated thymidine autoradiographic study of cartilage canals in newborn and young postnatal rabbit bone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About