Permafrost Carbon Quantities and Fluxes

Huissteden, J. van

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-31379-1_4

Cited by 10 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…An increase in CH 4 gas saturation during cooling below subzero suggests that formation of ice was preferred over formation of hydrates. This suggests that the likelihood of CH 4 gas presence in permafrost is higher . The presence of free CH 4 in near-surface permafrost has been reported in the literature .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Pore-Scale Visualization of CH₄ Gas Hydrate Dissociation under Permafrost Conditions

et al. 2021

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In this study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of combined production technique involving depressurization and thermal stimulation for gas production from CH4 gas hydrates in subzero temperature range between -3℃ to 0℃. CH4 gas hydrate phase transitions during formation, depressurization, re-formation, self -preservation, thermal stimulation stage were visualized using a high-pressure, water-wet, silicon-wafer micromodel with pore network of actual sandstone rock.A set of eight experiments were performed in which CH4 gas hydrate was formed at a constant pressure between 60 -85 bar and constant temperature between 0 °C -4°C. CH4 gas hydrate was then dissociated at constant system temperature between -3 °C to -2 °C by pressure depletion to study the effect of hydrate and fluid saturation on dissociation rate, self-preservation, and risk of ice formation. The dissociation rate and behaviour were heavily affected by the total hydrate saturation and initial hydrate distribution in the pore space. Additionally, the amount of produced CH4 gas was limited below 0 °C due to the rapid formation of ice from the liquid water that was liberated from the initial hydrate dissociation. The liberated CH4 gas was therefore immobilized and trapped by the formed ice and could not be produced without thermal stimulation. Thermal stimulation removed the blockage of pore space caused by ice and secondary hydrate formation and enhanced gas production. Visual observation showed self-preserved hydrates in metastable state dissociated before ice below subzero temperature providing experimental evidence of recently discovered methane leaking from gas hydrate deposits due to global warming. The results highlight the influence of heterogeneity in hydrate distribution and total saturation on the hydrate dissociation behaviour below 0 ℃ temperature. Micromodel observation provides direct insights into hydrate dissociation, self-preservation, fluid migration, gas coalescence, ice and secondary hydrate formation at pore scale below subzero temperature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Pore-Scale Visualization of CH₄ Gas Hydrate Dissociation under Permafrost Conditions

et al. 2021

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“…Permafrost promotes wetland formation by impeding water percolation, which leads to growth of hydrophilic vegetation and decreases decomposition rates, inducing peat accumulation (M. C. Jones, Grosse, Jones, & Anthony, 2012; van Huissteden, 2020). This insulates the ground from warm summer temperatures and thereby enhances ground freezing, which results in a positive feedback loop and reinforces permafrost formation in wetland environments (Woo & Young, 2003).…”

Section: Feedback Mechanisms In Wetland Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arctic wetlands and permafrost soils contain globally relevant carbon stocks (Coffer & Hestir, 2019; Tarnocai et al, 2009), changes of wetland systems can have crucial impacts on the global carbon cycle and hence the greenhouse effect (Figure 4). Enhanced carbon emissions from permafrost degradation are receiving much attention in both science and media (Schuur et al, 2015; van Huissteden, 2020). This positive feedback mechanism involves several environmental processes throughout the Arctic, including decomposition of old undecomposed carbon, release of methane from reservoirs in permafrost soils, and emissions from ecosystems (van Huissteden, 2020).…”

Section: Carbon and Ecosystem Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhanced carbon emissions from permafrost degradation are receiving much attention in both science and media (Schuur et al, 2015; van Huissteden, 2020). This positive feedback mechanism involves several environmental processes throughout the Arctic, including decomposition of old undecomposed carbon, release of methane from reservoirs in permafrost soils, and emissions from ecosystems (van Huissteden, 2020). Carbon stored in Arctic wetlands might thus become accessible to decomposition, with waterlogged conditions promoting methane formation (Gedney, Cox, & Huntingford, 2004; Petrescu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Carbon and Ecosystem Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arctic wetland system dynamics under climate warming

et al. 2021

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Warming and hydrological changes have already affected and shifted environments in the Arctic. Arctic wetlands are complex systems of coupled hydrological, ecological, and permafrost‐related processes, vulnerable to such environmental changes. This review uses a systems perspective approach to synthesize and elucidate the various interlinked responses and feedbacks of Arctic wetlands to hydroclimatic changes. Starting from increased air temperatures, subsequent permafrost thaw and concurrent hydrological changes are identified as key factors for both shrinkage and expansion of wetland area. Other diverse factors further interact with warming, hydrological changes, and permafrost thaw in altering the Arctic wetland systems. Surface albedo shifts driven by land cover alterations are powerful in reinforcing Arctic warming, while vegetation‐related factors can balance and decelerate permafrost thaw, causing negative feedback loops. With the vast amounts of carbon stored in Arctic wetlands, their changes in turn affect the global carbon cycle. Overall, the systems perspectives outlined and highlighted in this review can be useful in structuring and elucidating the interactions of wetlands with climate, hydrological, and other environmental changes in the Arctic, including the essential permafrost‐carbon feedback. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change

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“…Permafrost acts as a barrier to drainage resulting in lakes, ponds, and wetlands, characterized by anoxic conditions and accumulation of OM. The seasonal freezing and thawing of the upper soil layer (active layer) promote the creation of patterned ground, such as polygonal structures, where the depressed centers are often water saturated while the elevated rims are drained and characterized by oxic conditions (van Huissteden, 2020). Differences in vegetation type may account for substantial variation in CH 4 and CO 2 emissions from the Arctic tundra (Cannone et al., 2016; Knoblauch et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ratio of In Situ CO₂ to CH₄ Production and Its Environmental Controls in Polygonal Tundra Soils of Samoylov Island, Northeastern Siberia

et al. 2023

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Permafrost-affected soils contain about 1,000 Pg of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the uppermost 3 m (Mishra et al., 2021). The Arctic is experiencing one of the greatest impacts of climate change in the world (IPCC, 2022). Record high permafrost temperatures were registered in the last two decades (Biskaborn et al., 2019), leading to permafrost thaw. The microbial decomposition of thawing permafrost organic matter (OM) releases the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) (Lindroth et al., 2022;Miner et al., 2022;Schuur et al., 2015). Methane has at least a 28-fold global warming potential of CO 2 (Myhre et al., 2013). Hence, we need to understand the relative emission of CO 2 to CH 4 when permafrost-affected soils warm and permafrost thaw.The formation of CO 2 and CH 4 from thawing permafrost has been studied most often by laboratory incubations. Using this method, a wide range (<1 to >1,000) of ratios between CO 2 and CH 4 production in permafrost-affected soils have been reported (

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Permafrost Carbon Quantities and Fluxes

Cited by 10 publications

References 296 publications

Pore-Scale Visualization of CH₄ Gas Hydrate Dissociation under Permafrost Conditions

Pore-Scale Visualization of CH₄ Gas Hydrate Dissociation under Permafrost Conditions

Arctic wetland system dynamics under climate warming

Ratio of In Situ CO₂ to CH₄ Production and Its Environmental Controls in Polygonal Tundra Soils of Samoylov Island, Northeastern Siberia

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Permafrost Carbon Quantities and Fluxes

Cited by 10 publications

References 296 publications

Pore-Scale Visualization of CH4 Gas Hydrate Dissociation under Permafrost Conditions

Pore-Scale Visualization of CH4 Gas Hydrate Dissociation under Permafrost Conditions

Arctic wetland system dynamics under climate warming

Ratio of In Situ CO2 to CH4 Production and Its Environmental Controls in Polygonal Tundra Soils of Samoylov Island, Northeastern Siberia

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Pore-Scale Visualization of CH₄ Gas Hydrate Dissociation under Permafrost Conditions

Pore-Scale Visualization of CH₄ Gas Hydrate Dissociation under Permafrost Conditions

Ratio of In Situ CO₂ to CH₄ Production and Its Environmental Controls in Polygonal Tundra Soils of Samoylov Island, Northeastern Siberia