Permafrost distribution from BTS measurements (Sierra de Telera, Central Pyrenees, Spain): assessing the importance of solar radiation in a mid‐elevation shaded mountainous area

Julián, Asunción; Chueca, Javier

doi:10.1002/ppp.576

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…At these altitudes there is high periglacial efficiency in generating landforms derived from the inter‐relationships between diverse processes such as frost‐cracking, nivation, creep and cryoturbation. The geophysical surveys showed evidence of frozen bodies above 2,590 m a.s.l., and sporadic permafrost at exceptionally low altitudes, as in the Telera massif, at around 1,850–2,000 m a.s.l …”

Section: Discussion: Processes and Thermal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periglacial environments and frozen ground in the central Pyrenean high mountain area: Ground thermal regime and distribution of landforms and processes

Cañadas

Blasco

Gómez‐Lende

et al. 2019

Permafrost & Periglacial

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The periglacial belt is located in the highest parts of temperate mountains. The balance between mean air and ground temperatures and the presence of water determine the effectiveness of periglacial processes related to permafrost, the active layer or seasonally frozen ground (SFG). This study combines thermal and geomorphological data obtained in four Pyrenean massifs (Infierno‐Argualas, Posets, Maladeta and Monte Perdido) to improve knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of frozen ground. The methodology used is based on the study of landforms as frozen ground indicators, mapping processes, ground temperature analysis, basal temperature of snow, thermal mapping and geomatic surveys on rock glaciers and protalus lobes. In the Pyrenean high mountain areas the lower limit of frozen ground is at ~2,650m a.s.l., possible permafrost appears above 2,650m a.s.l. on north‐ and south‐facing slopes, and probable permafrost is dominant above 2,900m a.s.l. Unfrozen ground with cold‐associated geomorphological processes reach 2,900m a.s.l. and unfrozen and frozen ground distribution points to a patchy pattern throughout the periglacial belt. The most widespread frozen grounds are SFG. The thermal data, mean annual ground temperature, cold season temperatures, bottom temperature snow measurements, freeze/thaw cycles and distribution of landforms permit the establishment of a periglacial land system divided into three main belts: infraperiglacial, middle periglacial and supraperiglacial. The large number of processes and landforms that are involved and their altitudinal and spatial organization make up a complex environment that determines the geoecological dynamics of high mountain areas.

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Section: Discussion: Processes and Thermal Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periglacial environments and frozen ground in the central Pyrenean high mountain area: Ground thermal regime and distribution of landforms and processes

Cañadas

Blasco

Gómez‐Lende

et al. 2019

Permafrost & Periglacial

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“…With the exception of the Wolf Creek study, however, the methodology used to derive permafrost probabilities from the modeled BTS values is quite different. Permafrost prediction using the BTS method in Europe and elsewhere generally employs the ''rules-of-thumb'' developed by Haeberli (1973) to convert modeled BTS values to the three classes of permafrost probable, possible, and improbable (e.g., Julián and Chueca 2007). Validation of the classes is usually done with landforms (such as rock glaciers), borehole temperatures, or various geophysical techniques, which severely limits the number of validation sites (e.g., Gardaz 1997;Gruber and Hoelzle 2001;Isaksen et al 2002;Janke 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A commonly used technique to model mountain permafrost distribution is the Basal Temperature of Snow (BTS) method developed by Haeberli (1973) and subsequently used in many high elevation areas in Europe and elsewhere (e.g., Hoelzle 1992;Ishikawa and Hirakawa 2000;Isaksen et al 2002;Julián and Chueca 2007). This empirical-statistical methodology can be used to generate detailed permafrost predictions within a geographic information system (GIS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain permafrost probability mapping using the BTS method in two climatically dissimilar locations, northwest Canada

Bonnaventure

Lewkowicz

2008

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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The Basal Temperature of Snow (BTS) method was used to predict permafrost distribution in two climatologically dissimilar mountain environments in northwest Canada. Permafrost probability maps with 30 m Â 30 m grid cells were generated for part of the Ruby Range, Yukon Territory (425 km 2 ), and for the Haines Summit area, northern British Columbia (536 km 2 ), using winter BTS measurements in conjunction with late-summer ground truthing by probing and digging pits to physically verify the presence of permafrost. BTS values, and hence permafrost distribution, were modeled using elevation and potential incoming solar radiation (PISR) for the Ruby Range. PISR was not significant at Haines Summit, probably because persistent cloudiness associated with its more maritime climatic regime reduced aspect-induced variability in insolation. Probability maps indicate that *66% of the Ruby Range area and *43% of the Haines Summit area are underlain by permafrost. Therefore, the Ruby Range should be classified as extensive discontinuous permafrost, while Haines Summit is part of the sporadic discontinuous permafrost zone and not the isolated patches zone as portrayed on recent maps. Extensive ground truthing proved to be an essential part of the procedure because traditional BTS ''rulesof-thumb'' did not remain valid across the differing mountain climate zones.Résumé : La méthode de la température de base de la neige « BTS » a été utilisée pour prédire la distribution du pergéli-sol dans deux différents environnements climatiques de montagne dans le nord-ouest du Canada. Des cartes de probabilité de pergélisol, avec des mailles de 30 m Â 30 m, ont été produites pour une partie du Ruby Range, dans le Territoire du Yukon (425 km 2 ), et pour le secteur du sommet Haines au nord de la Colombie-Britannique (536 km 2 ). Ces cartes ont été produites en se servant de mesures hivernales de la BTS, jumelées à une confirmation sur le terrain à la fin de l'été par des sondages d'exploration et le creusage de petites fosses pour vérifier physiquement la présence de pergélisol. Les valeurs de la BST, et ainsi la distribution du pergélisol, ont été modélisées en se servant de l'élévation et du rayonnement solaire incident potentiel pour le secteur de Ruby Range. Le potentiel de rayonnement solaire incident n'était pas significatif au sommet Haines, probablement en raison de la présence constante de nuages, associée à un régime climatique plus marin, qui a réduit la variabilité induite par l'aspect de l'insolation. Les cartes de probabilité indiquent qu'environ 66 % de la région de Ruby Range et 43 % de la région du sommet Haines reposent sur le pergélisol. Ainsi, le Ruby Range devrait être classé comme pergélisol extensif discontinu, alors que le sommet Haines fait partie d'une zone de pergélisol sporadique discontinue et non d'une zone de parcelles de terrain isolées tel que montré sur des cartes récentes. Une confirmation extensive sur le terrain s'est avérée être une partie essentielle de la procédure, car la règle empirique traditionnel...

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“…on southern slopes (Serrano et al . 1999; Julián and Chueca 2007). In fact, these limits are schematic and strongly depend upon topographical factors and snow cover discontinuity.…”

Section: Regional Ground Thermal Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐little ice age patterned ground development on two pyrenean proglacial areas: from deglaciation to periglaciation

Feuillet

Mercier

2012

Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography

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This study aims to observe post‐Little Ice Age glacier retreat and the constitutive patterned ground development at two French Pyrenean glacier forelands (Taillon Glacier and Pays Baché Glacier). Periglacial feature observations are associated with periods of deglaciation using aerial photos and archive files. Four conclusions are drawn. (1) The two glaciers have lost respectively 68% and 92% of their surface since 1850, which corroborates observations on other Pyrenean glaciers. (2) Patterned ground can develop very rapidly, sometimes only 10 years after deglaciation. (3) Patterned ground size does not systematically increase as a function of the time elapsed since deglaciation. (4) All the forms, even those developing near the Little Ice Age moraines, are active. We propose that the location, activity and size of patterned ground are more probably linked to drift characteristics and local wetness conditions than to the time elapsed since deglaciation.

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Permafrost distribution from BTS measurements (Sierra de Telera, Central Pyrenees, Spain): assessing the importance of solar radiation in a mid‐elevation shaded mountainous area

Cited by 38 publications

References 35 publications

Periglacial environments and frozen ground in the central Pyrenean high mountain area: Ground thermal regime and distribution of landforms and processes

Periglacial environments and frozen ground in the central Pyrenean high mountain area: Ground thermal regime and distribution of landforms and processes

Mountain permafrost probability mapping using the BTS method in two climatically dissimilar locations, northwest Canada

Post‐little ice age patterned ground development on two pyrenean proglacial areas: from deglaciation to periglaciation

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