“…Under
and
, a specified case of (2) is the stochastic prey–predator model with Holling type II, which has been investigated in other studies (Li,
2022; Liu et al,
2016; Lv et al,
2018; Lv & Wang,
2011). In particular, Li and Guo (
2021) examined the permanence of a stochastic prey–predator model featuring a general functional response. This model introduced intrinsic growth rate and intraspecific interaction rate noises, expanding the former from the intrinsic growth rate noise to encompass both intrinsic growth rate and intraspecific interaction rate noises.…”