Abstract-The paper discusses the development of new winding configurations for 6-phase permanent magnet (PM) machines with 18-slot, 8-pole, that eliminates and/or reduces undesirable space harmonics in the stator magneto motive force (MMF). The proposed configuration improves power/torque density and efficiency with a reduction in eddy current losses in the rotor permanent magnets and copper losses in end windings. To improve drive train availability for applications in electric vehicles, the paper proposes the design of 6-phase permanent magnet machine as two independent 3-phase windings. A number of possible phase shifts between two sets of 3-phase windings due to their slot-pole combination and winding configuration is investigated and the optimum phase shift is selected by analyzing the harmonic distributions and their effect on machine performance including the rotor eddy current losses. The machine design is optimized for a given set of specifications for electric vehicle (EV), under electrical, thermal and volumetric constraints, and demonstrated by the experimental measurements on a prototype machine.Index Terms-Design methodology, Design optimization Electric vehicles, Permanent magnet machines.
I. INTRODUCTIONECENTLY, the development of fault tolerant motor drives employing permanent magnet (PM) machines for electric vehicles (EV) has received increasing attention due to the emphasis on passenger comfort and safety by the automotive industries around the world [1]- [4]. Although electric vehicles are hailed as fuel economic and low-or no-emissions, their ability to tolerate fault is very critical as a fault in the electric drive will result in a complete loss of power and may lead to an accident [2]. Due to their high torque/power density and higher efficiency compared to other machine technologies, PM brushless machines are preferred technology in traction applications [5], [6], provided they could continue to operate following isolated failures in power train drive.For traction applications, it is an attractive option to employ Manuscript received August 10, 2013; revised October 12, 2013. This work was supported in part by the European Commission for CASTOR project under European Green Cars Initiative through Grant No. 260176.V. I. Patel, J. Wang, W. Wang, and X. Chen are with the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S13JD, United Kingdom (e-mail: vip.iitd@outlook.com, j.b.wang@sheffield.ac.uk).relatively newer winding configurations of PM brushless machines often referred to as fractional-slot concentrated winding or modular winding [6]- [9], because of their numerous advantages over the overlapped distributed windings in the conventional brushless AC machines, such as high winding factor, high copper packing factor [10], short end-windings, and hence, high efficiency [11], reduction in the likelihood of an inter-phase fault and extremely low cogging torque [12].However, fractional-slot windings produce a large number of space harmonics in the...