Permeability Alterations in Diseased Plants

Wheeler, Harry

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66279-9_16

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…= 0,45^.54 WSD, t|)^(sat) = -2.22 MPa, tiiitlp) = -3,12 MPa]. Pathogens change many metabolic processes in an infected plant, and tissue senescence may be accelerated (Farkas 1978), Permeability changes of the cell tnembrane in diseased plants (Wheeler 1976) could perhaps contribute to the steep slope of the osmotic line in PV-curves from late September, However, the exact reason for this altered behavior, which is not to be confounded with a simple decrease in osmotically active substances, is not yet clear.…”

Section: Seasonal Change Of Stomatal Response To Dehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in stomatal responses of sweet cherry and plum to water status in detached leaves

Yoon

Richter²

1990

Physiologia Plantarum

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Seasonal changes in the relationship between stomatal responses and water potential components in detached leaves of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L. cv. Bigarreau Morreau) and plum (Prunus domestica L. cv. Queen Victoria) were examined by the simultaneous measurement of stomatal conductance and water relation parameters derived from pressure‐volume curves. The water potential threshold for stomatal closure in sweet cherry leaves throughout the season and in plum leaves until mid‐July varied nearly in parallel with changes in the osmotic potential at the turgor loss point. From August onward, closing reactions of plum stomata had no relationship to the turgor loss point. Stomata of sweet cherry leaves opened more widely and showed slower reactions to dehydration early in the season than later. Seasonal changes of stomatal conductance and stomatal responses to dehydration in both species seem thus to be influenced by fruit development and ripening.

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Section: Seasonal Change Of Stomatal Response To Dehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in stomatal responses of sweet cherry and plum to water status in detached leaves

Yoon

Richter²

1990

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…But in these plants haustoria were formed and there was a good correlation between attachment of the wall preparation to the plant tissue and the formation of haustoria. The decision whether these haustoria can live and function as in a compatible combination, is obviously governed By factors within the infected cell (Mendgen, 1977) that might be correlated with the metabolism of this cell (see Wheeler, 1976).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attachment of bean rust cell wall material to host and non-host plant tissue

Mendgen

1978

Arch. Microbiol.

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Abstract.A preparation of bean rust (Uromyces phaseoli) germ tube walls, consisting of short, filamentous particles, was labeled with fluorescein iso-thiocyanate. Freeze sections of host and non-host tissue were incubated in the labeled preparation. Maximum staining was observed in host plant tissue (Phaseolus vulgaris), in which bean rust regularly forms haustoria. In tissue of the non-host plants Vigna sinensis and Phaseolus lunatus, where fewer haustoria were formed, staining was only weak. However, no staining was observed in the non-host tissue of Phaseolus aureus, Helianthus annuus, Brassica oleracea and Hordeum vulgare in which the infection hypha did not form haustoria. This would appear to indicate that formation of haustoria is induced by a specific attachment of the hyphal wall to the host wall. The possibility that elicitors attach in a similar way, is discussed.Key words: Bean rust -Uromycesphaseoli-Phaseolus vulgaris -Germ tube wall material -Cell wallsRecognition -Elicitor -Specific attachment.The cell envelope of many bacteria consists of polysaccharides that allow adhesion on particular locations in their natural environment (Sutherland, 1977;Costerton et al., 1978). Non-pathogenic bacteria which attach to plant cell walls may be enveloped by wall material and subsequently degraded (Goodman et al., 1976 ;Sequeira et al., 1977). Plant pathogenic bacteria, such as crown gall bacteria (Lippincott and Lippincott, 1969) or rhizobia (see Dazzo and Hubbel, 1975) are assumed to attach to an infectible site before entering the host. This attachment on a surface may be the result of an interaction of polysaccharide chains localised onAbbreviations. Fluorescein iso-thiocyanate = FITC; cultivar = cv the bacterial surface and lectins on the plant cell wall (see Kauss,/977;Raa et al., 1977; Dazzo et al.,/978).The bean rust germ tube wall contains polysaccharides with glucose, mannose and glucosamine as constituents. Polysaccharides were reported to be covalently bound to proteins . Similar results were obtained with germ tube walls of stem rust (Puccinia graminis) by Joppien et al. (1972).Electron micrographs of rusts within a host leaf show an intimate contact between the plant and hyphal walls in the region of the haustorial mother cell and at the site of the fungus penetration peg. In this region, the wall of the host and the wall of the parasite seem to merge very often (Bracker and Littlefield, 1973). However, in non-host plants haustoria are usually not formed (Heath, 1974(Heath, , 1977.These results suggest that during the interaction between host plants and rusts a recognition process (attachment) between the host -and parasite wall may take place before the haustorium is formed. To study recognition processes between the host and fungal cell wall, a preparation of bean rust (Uromyces phaseoli [Pers.] Winter var. typica Arth.) germ tubes, labeled with fluorescein iso-thiocyanate, was incubated with the tissue of host and norf-host plants to determine its differential attachment. Materials and Method...

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“…1 A) and brown discoloration of the vascular ring in tubers (data not shown). On the other hand, electrolyte leakage has been related to changes in permeability (Wheeler, 1976) and has been regarded as one of the earliest host responses to a variety of plant pathogens (Misaghi, 1982). However, only the host-selective Helminthosporium victoriae toxin (HV) causes permeability changes in oat tissues identical to those caused by the pathogen in experimentally infected plants (Wheeler & Black, 1963).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of a Fusarium eumartii culture filtrate on the screening for wilting resistance in potato

Botta¹,

Dimarco²,

Melegari³

et al. 1994

Euphytica

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Fusarium solani f.sp. eumartii Carp. Snyder and Hansen (Fusarium eumartii) is a soil inhabitant that induces the so-called Potato Wilt and Stem End Rot disease. Prior to wilting, the pathogen induces peculiar small bronze spots on the leaflets. Failure to isolate E eumartii from infected leaflets suggests the involvement of a toxin in the disease. The fungus was grown in liquid Richard's medium and thereafter a filtrate was obtained dialyzing (MW cutoff 12,000-14,000) and sterilizing the culture by filtration (0.22 #m). Potato leaves treated with both the pathogen or the filtrate showed symptoms of bronze spots and significantly higher electrolyte leakage when compared to controls. Tomato leaves showed neither bronze spots nor electrolyte leakage after plant inoculation with the pathogen or with the filtrate treatment. Both, the absence of visible symptoms and the lack of electrolyte leakage in tomato could be associated to a certain degree of host specificity of the F. eumartii filtrate towards potato. The filtrate also induced symptoms similar to infections by E eumartii in adult plants and in vitro plantlets of cultivars Huinkul MAG and Kennebec. Callus responses to the filtrate were related to responses of the cultivars to the pathogen in greenhouse. These results show the potential of the culture filtrate of E eumartii for use in screening for wilting resistance.

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Permeability Alterations in Diseased Plants

Cited by 19 publications

References 59 publications

Seasonal changes in stomatal responses of sweet cherry and plum to water status in detached leaves

Seasonal changes in stomatal responses of sweet cherry and plum to water status in detached leaves

Attachment of bean rust cell wall material to host and non-host plant tissue

Potential of a Fusarium eumartii culture filtrate on the screening for wilting resistance in potato

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