Permeability measurements and modeling of topology-optimized metallic 3-D woven lattices

Transient liquid-phase bonded 3D woven Ni-based superalloys

“…Bonding of neighboring wires occurs at necks that are formed by solid-state diffusion or by formation of a transient-liquid phase. Three-point bending tests of the superalloy weaves, after homogenization and aging to achieve a c/c 0 structure, show that, as bonding between wires increases, the materials withstand higher stresses and strains before onset of damage.Architectured cellular materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], such as honeycombs [4], trusses [5], and wire-based structures [6][7][8], offer a combination of low density and high specific strength, stiffness, permeability, and surface area. These materials have periodic structures that can be designed by using topological optimization models to enhance the desired properties [9-11].…”

Damping behavior of 3D woven metallic lattice materials

“…The computational model ( Figure 2) employed idealized geometries of the wires (all warp and fill wires were straight, and Zwires had 90° bends), while Figure 1 clearly shows that wires were not perfectly straight and were often in contact with other wires, despite the gaps between wires. Similarly, Zhao et al [17] and Zhang et al [18] have recently demonstrated that manufacturing irregularities and the stochastic nature of wire geometries need to be accounted for in order to accurately model the permeability and stiffness of these lattice materials. The models with idealized geometry were nevertheless, useful for a preliminary study of  the sensitivity of the damping loss coefficient on two key parameters: coefficient of friction and average gap size.…”

“…Three-dimensional (3D) weaving of metallic wires has recently emerged as an effective means of creating metallic microarchitected "lattice materials". The pore structure may be tailored by designing the wire architecture to (for example) optimize fluid permeability [17], and wires may be bonded to create stiff micro-lattices [18]. This work will examine the damping properties of these 3D woven metallic lattice materials.…”

“…The weaving process essentially stacks pairs of orthogonally oriented warp and fill wires, which are then interlocked, in process, with a Z-wire that passes through the thickness (Figure 1 and 2). Two different architectures were considered: a) a fully packed architecture, referred to as the 'dense' weave; and b) a lower density architecture, referred to as a 'light' weave, where wires were removed in a pattern informed by topology optimization for fluid permeability and in plane shear stiffness [17,28]. The damping properties of these materials were measured over a range of frequencies from 1Hz to 200 Hz.…”

Length scale and manufacturability in density-based topology optimization

“…Various extensions are presented in [64], [69], and [63] where combinations of multiple phases and Heaviside projection with fixed support shape are utilized to control particle topologies, positions and distances between them in the design of structures and materials. In [163] the theoretical development is demonstrated in the design of 3D woven lattices.…”