Permeability of benzoic acid derivatives in excised guinea pig dorsal skin and effects of l-menthol

Enhanced Skin Permeation of Salicylate by Ion-Pair Formation in Non-aqueous Vehicle and Further Enhancement by Ethanol and l-Menthol

“…The marked reduction of lag time in the presence of these enhancers indicates an increase in the diffusion coefficient, 19) by disruption of lipid lamella of stratum corneum. 14,20) The ion-pair of drug and counter ion seems to distribute to the outermost layer stratum corneum of the skin. However, the mechanism of transdermal transport is unknown.…”

Determination of the Dermal Penetration of Esterom Components Using Microdialysis Sampling

“…BA was evaluated first because its ability to penetrate the skin has been well documented (13). BA was first detected in the dermis about 30-40 min after topical application.…”

Analysis of Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Alkyl Spin Labels in Excised Guinea Pig Dorsal Skin, Its Stratum Corneum, Delipidized Skin and Stratum Corneum Model Lipid Liposomes.

“…5) 0.1 mT modulation amplitude was used for CAT-1 in all preparations, 5-NMS in excised skin and stratum corneum, and CAT-15 in liposomes. 0.2 mT modulation amplitude was used for other samples.…”

“…1,2) It has also been applied to the skin study to examine the physico-chemical properties of stratum corneum and their changes by addition of different kinds of absorption enhancers. [3][4][5] Although a lot of spin labels have been used for these purposes, [3][4][5][6] localization of the spin labels in the skin as well as in the biological membranes is unclear. The ESR spectrum of each spin label gives information about the motional character of the spin label in the particular environment in which it is mainly present.…”