Permeability of Mitochondria

Duve, Christian de; Berthet, J; Berthet, L; Appelmans, F.

doi:10.1038/167389a0

Cited by 64 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Nous pûmes identifier l'enzyme comme étant une glucose 6-phosphatase spécifique et trouvâmes, en outre, qu'elle était associée à une structure cellulaire précipitable en milieu acide [4]. Le hasard a voulu que cette découverte fut faite à un moment où la centrifugation fractionnée commençait tout juste à être utilisée pour étudier la localisation cellulaire des enzymes, principalement dans le tissu hépatique.…”

Section: Un Heureux Hasard Ouvre Une Voie Nouvelleunclassified

“…La cinquième était une enzyme oxydante, l'urate-oxydase. Les quatre premières partageaient avec la phosphatase acide la propriété de latence [1,12] et semblaient situées dans les mêmes particules. L'urate-oxydase n'était pas latente et se révéla finalement appartenir à un autre nouveau type d'organites cytoplasmiques, que nous avons appelés peroxysomes [13].…”

Section: Le Découverte Des Lysosomesunclassified

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Le lysosome a cinquante ans

Duve¹

2005

Med Sci (Paris)

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Section: Un Heureux Hasard Ouvre Une Voie Nouvelleunclassified

Section: Le Découverte Des Lysosomesunclassified

Le lysosome a cinquante ans

Duve¹

2005

Med Sci (Paris)

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“…Other methods of activating Mg-ATPase such as freezing and thawing (16,17), aging (3,, or the addition of calcium ions (14) also promote the swelling of mitochondrla (17)(18)(19)(20). All of these observations support the hypothesis that the activation of Mg-ATPase Consists in removing a physical barrier to the union of a Mg-APT complex and the enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Synthetic Detergents on the Swelling and the ATPase of Mitochondria Isolated from Rat Liver

Witter

Mink

1958

The Journal of Cell Biology

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A study was made of the effects of various types of detergents on the swelling of isolated mitochondria and on mitochondrial ATPases which are activated by Mg or DNP respectively. The rate of swelling was measured in the Beckman spectrophotometer by following the decrease in turbidity of dilute suspensions of these organelles. It was found that non-ionic detergents containing a nonyl phenoxy side chain or anionic detergents caused swelling of the mitochondria and activation of Mg-ATPase. On the other hand, cationic detergents promoted the clumping of mitochondria and did not activate Mg-ATPase. DNP-ATPase was inhibited by all of the detergents tested. It would appear from these observations that the inhibition of DN'P-ATPase is not related to a gross change in the morphology of the organelles; in contrast, the activation of Mg-ATPase definitely is correlated with swelling of the isolated mitochondria. These data also suggest that the ionic detergents combine with charged sites on the protein moiety of the lipoprotein in the mitochondrial surface, whereas the non-ionic detergents form inclusion compounds with the lipide moiety, thereby altering the mitochondrial structure and permeability.

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“…Miller and Coffman (9) found that corn plants in the field often transpired as much as 5.5 X 10-6 g of water per square cm of leaf per second (200 g m-2 hr-1). If the relative humidity inside the leaf were 100 % and that outside of the leaf were 50 %, an exchange of 3.6 X 10-1 cm3 of air per cm2 of leaf sur-…”

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confidence: 99%

“…1-4, 17, 25, 31, 37, 39, 41, 42, 47). Two related properties of mitochondria probably dependent upon their integrity and especially relevant to ion distribution are the permeabilities to salts, sucrose, and organic acids (2,6,9,20,34) and the ability of mitochondria to act as osmometers (26,27,35,43,44). Furthermore, since respiratory activity is influenced by the osmolarity of the media used in both preparation and assay procedures (8, 13, 14, 18, 21-23, 40, 45) the osmotic properties of mitochondria also must be considered with the effects of inorganic ions not only upon ion uptake but also with the effects of ions upon the oxidation of cytochrome c (18,28,36,46), reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (18) and various organic acids (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Some effects of tonicity on lupine succinoxidase

Honda

Muenster

1961

Plant Physiol.

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The integrity of mitochondria is relevant to the intracellular distribution of inorganic ions by Donnan equilibria and active transport processes (cf. 1-4, 17, 25, 31, 37, 39, 41, 42, 47). Two related properties of mitochondria probably dependent upon their integrity and especially relevant to ion distribution are the permeabilities to salts, sucrose, and organic acids (2,6,9,20,34) and the ability of mitochondria to act as osmometers (26,27,35,43,44). Furthermore, since respiratory activity is influenced by the osmolarity of the media used in both preparation and assay procedures (8, 13, 14, 18, 21-23, 40, 45) the osmotic properties of mitochondria also must be considered with the effects of inorganic ions not only upon ion uptake but also with the effects of ions upon the oxidation of cytochrome c (18,28,36,46), reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide (18) and various organic acids (30).As Tyler (45) pointed out, few investigators have considered tonicity itself to affect the activity of mitochondrial enzymes, apart from any osmotic influence on permeability or swelling of mitochondria. One inadequacy in noting the effect of different osmotic concentrations on enzymatic activity usually stems from an arbitrary selection of substrate concentration since either inhibition or activation may result depending upon the substrate concentration used (15,16). A more complete characterization is required, such as the determination of the apparent reaction constants for succinoxidase (cf. 41). A complicating factor i,n experiments concerning tonicity results from the common use of sucrose as the chief solute for varying osmotic pressure.Lelmniinger, Ray, and Schneider (24) Mitochondrial concentrations were measured by their nitrogen content assayed by the Nessler method.In the manometric assay for succinoxidase activity the mitochondria suspended in sucrose solution were added to the main compartment from the sidearm of Warburg vessels to start the reaction after a temperature equilibration of 10 minutes. The earliest oxygen uptake data were recorded 3 to 7 minutes after mixing and the uptake followed for 60 minutes. The initial rates of succinoxidase activity were obtained by extrapolating to zero time. Activities were recorded as microliters of oxygen consumed per hour per mg mitochondrial nitrogen [Qo., (N)]. The final assay mixture of 3 ml contained succinic acid, tris, Na2ATP (Pabst), horse heart cytochrome c (Sigma) as noted, tris-acetate buffer, magnesium acetate as noted, and sucrose to adjust the osmolarity. Although ATP was not required for activity, it increased and prolonged activity. ATP was therefore added routinely in a high saturating concentration. Details of concentrations used are given for each experiment. The succinoxidase assays were carried out around pH 7, which was previously determined to result in maximal activity. Preliminary studies showed the effect of ATP can be attributed to the contamination of ATP by ADP and formation of ADP from ATP. No other 5'-nucleotide was effective.The terminolo...

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Permeability of Mitochondria

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Le lysosome a cinquante ans

Le lysosome a cinquante ans

Effect of Synthetic Detergents on the Swelling and the ATPase of Mitochondria Isolated from Rat Liver

Some effects of tonicity on lupine succinoxidase

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