Permeability of thermally damaged skin III: Influence of scalding temperature on mass transfer of water and n-alkanols across hairless mouse skin

Flynn, Gordon L.; Behl, Christian; Walters, Ken A.; Gatmaitan, Olivia G.; Wittkowsky, Ann; Kurihara, Tamie; Ho, Norman F.H.; Higuchi, William I.; Pierson, Carl L.

doi:10.1016/0305-4179(81)90089-9

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Experimentally, heating or branding has no significant effect on permeation until burn temperature reaches 70 °C (Flynn et al , ; Behl et al , 1981; Boosalis et al , 1987). At higher temperatures, a notable increase in permeation rate was observed.…”

Section: Freezing or Heating Brandingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Percutaneous absorption in diseased skin: an overview

Chiang¹,

Tudela²,

Maibach³

2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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The stratum corneum's (SC) functions include protection from external hazardous environments, prevention of water loss and regulation of body temperature. While intact skin absorption studies are abundant, studies on compromised skin permeability are less common, although products are often used to treat affected skin. We reviewed literature on percutaneous absorption through abnormal skin models. Tape stripping is used to disrupt water barrier function. Studies demonstrated that physicochemical properties influence the stripping effect: water-soluble drugs are more affected. Abrasion did not affect absorption as much. Freezing is commonly used to preserve skin. It does not seem to modify water absorption, but still increases the penetration of compounds. Comparatively, heating the skin consistently increased percutaneous absorption. Removing SC lipids may increase percutaneous absorption of drugs. Many organic solvents are employed to delipidize. Delipidization with chloroform-methanol increased hydrophilic compound permeability, but not lipophilic. Acetone pre-treatment enhanced hydrophilic compound penetration. More data is needed to determine influence on highly lipophilic compound penetration. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) induces irritant dermatitis and is frequently used as a model. Studies revealed that SLS increases hydrophilic compound absorption, but not lipophilic. However, skin irritation with other chemicals increases lipophilic penetration as much as hydrophilic. Animal studies show that UV exposure increases percutaneous absorption whereas human studies do not. Human studies show increased penetration in psoriatic and atopic dermatitis skin. The data summarized here begin to characterize flux alteration associated with damaged skin. Understanding the degree of alteration requires interpretation of involved conditions and the enlarging of our database to a more complete physicochemical spectrum.

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Section: Freezing or Heating Brandingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Percutaneous absorption in diseased skin: an overview

Chiang¹,

Tudela²,

Maibach³

2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…Factors Influencing the Experimental Course of Action-In previous studies (3)(4)(5)(6) two simple methods of giving graded, reproducible burns were practiced: burning at 60' for varied lengths of time and burning for 60 sec at systematically increased temperatures. Although burn wounds of third-degree depth were effected a t 60' by scalding or branding for 1 1 min, the permeabilities of a spectrum of nonelectrolytes were only slightly elevated by such treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its physicochemical properties phenytoin is subject to erratic bioavailability in a variety of dosage forms both in the acidic as well as the sodium salt forms (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

Section: -Plots Of Branding Coefficients As a Function Of Burn Tempermentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation of Skin and Eschar by Antiseptics II: Influence of Controlled Burns on the Permeation of Phenol

Behl

Linn

Flynn

et al. 1983

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…Thermal injury may destroy the stratum corneum structure and damage skin [55] because intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum have a thermal transition at 39.3 and 63.6 ° C [56] and protein is denatured above 45 ° C [57] . On the other hand, the barrier function of the stratum corneum for alkanols did not decrease until raising temperature higher than 70 ° C [58] . Heating skin to 100 ° C for 5 min appreciably damaged the barrier function of hairless mouse skin and nitroglycerin metabolism was decreasing with heating time in vitro [59] .…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Skin Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iontophoresis of lidocaine hydrochloride induced nonimmune-mediated epidermal alteration (like a dark stain) from the stratum basal to stratum granulosum in porcine skin [74] ) and water with electroosmosis occurs in the skin tissue and cell and, as a result, skin enzyme activity may be inhibited. Tripeptides (general structure Ala-X-Ala) were minimally biodegraded under constant current (0.36 mA/cm 2 , Ag/AgCl electrode) [77], although peptides were easily bioconverted in the skin [58] . Therefore, iontophoresis may infl uence skin enzyme activity.…”

Section: Effect Of Iontophoresis On Skin Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Metabolism in Transdermal Therapeutic Systems

Hikima

Tojo²,

Maibach³

2005

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Skin has at least two barriers with protective functions: the stratum corneum physical barrier and a biochemical barrier in the epidermis and dermis. Numerous chemical and physical enhancers exist for transdermal therapeutic systems; some cause irritation, and possibly influence enzyme deactivation. Knowledge of enzymatic skin reactions is important for developing safe and efficacious transdermal systems for treatment not only of skin diseases but also for systemic application. This paper overviews the effects of (a) chemical enhancers and additives, (b) drug structure, and (c) physical enhancement on skin metabolism.

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Permeability of thermally damaged skin III: Influence of scalding temperature on mass transfer of water and n-alkanols across hairless mouse skin

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Percutaneous absorption in diseased skin: an overview

Percutaneous absorption in diseased skin: an overview

Permeation of Skin and Eschar by Antiseptics II: Influence of Controlled Burns on the Permeation of Phenol

Skin Metabolism in Transdermal Therapeutic Systems

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