Permian-Triassic mass extinction event recorded in bedded chert sequence in southwest Japan

Kakuwa, Yoshitaka

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(95)00070-4

Cited by 78 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Likewise, there were times when very little, if any, biogenic chert was produced and/or preserved. The 8^10 Ma long Early Triassic 'Chert Gap' is one of such events (Casey, 1993;Kakuwa, 1996;Kozur, 1998a,b;Racki, 1999).…”

Section: Permian Chert Event (Pce) and Early Triassic Chert Gap (Etcg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Japan, where the oldest record of Triassic chert is preserved in a deep oceanic setting (Isozaki, 1994), deposition of siliceous claystone resumed during the Smithian, but bona ¢de radiolarian and spiculitic chert reoccurred only during the Late Spathian (late Early Triassic) or the Anisian (early Middle Triassic), that is after a 8^10 Ma interruption (Isozaki, 1997;Kakuwa, 1996;Suzuki et al, 1998). The gap appears the same in the Cache Creek Terrane of British Columbia (Isozaki, 1997;Cordey, 1998).…”

Section: Early Triassic Chert Gap: Griesbachian To Spathianmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and demise of Permian biogenic chert along northwest Pangea: evidence for end-Permian collapse of thermohaline circulation

Beauchamp

Baud

2002

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

272

132

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The Permian Chert Event (PCE) was a 30 Ma long episode of unusual chert accumulation along the northwest margin of Pangea, and possibly worldwide. The onset of the PCE occurred at about the Sakmarian^Artinskian boundary in the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic, where it coincides with a maximum flooding event, the ending of high-frequency/high-amplitude shelf cyclicity, the onset of massive biogenic chert deposition in deep-water distal areas, and a long-term shift from warm-to cool-water carbonate sedimentation in shallow-water proximal areas. A similar and coeval shift is observed from the Barents Sea to the northwestern USA. A landward and southward expansion of silica factories occurred during the Middle and Late Permian at which time warm-water carbonate producers disappeared completely from the northwest margin of Pangea. Biotically impoverished and increasingly narrow cold-water carbonate factories (characterised by non-cemented bioclasts of sponges, bryozoans, echinoderms and brachiopods) were then progressively replaced by silica factories. By Late Permian time, little carbonate sediments accumulated in the Barents Sea and in the Sverdrup Basin, where the deep-to shallow-water sedimentary spectrum was occupied by siliceous sponge spicules. By that time, biogenic silica sedimentation was common throughout the world. Silica factories collapsed in the Late Permian, abruptly bringing the PCE to an end. In northwest Pangea, the end-Permian collapse of the PCE was associated with a major transgression and with a return to much warmer oceanic and continental climatic conditions. Chert deposition resumed in the distal oceanic areas during the early Middle Triassic (Anisian) after a 8^10 Ma interruption (Early Triassic Chert Gap). The conditions necessary for the onset, expansion and zenith of the PCE were provided by the thermohaline circulation of nutrient-rich cold waters along the northwestern and western margin of Pangea, and possibly throughout the world oceans. These conditions provided an efficient transportation mechanism that constantly replenished the supply of silica in the area, created a nutrient-and oxygen-rich environment favouring siliceous biogenic productivity, established cold sea-floor conditions, hindering silica dissolution, while increasing calcium carbonate solubility, and provided conditions adverse to organic and inorganic carbonate production. The northwest margin of Pangea was, for nearly 30 Ma, bathed by cold waters presumably derived from the seasonal melting of northern sea ice, the assumed engine for thermohaline circulation.This process started near the Sakmarian^Artinskian boundary, intensified throughout Middle and Late Permian time and ceased suddenly in latest Permian time. It led to oceanic conditions much colder than normally expected from the palaeolatitudes, and the influence of cold northerly-derived water was felt as far south southern Nevada. The demise of silica factories was caused by the rapid breakdown of these conditions and the establishment of a much warm...

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Section: Permian Chert Event (Pce) and Early Triassic Chert Gap (Etcg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Triassic Chert Gap: Griesbachian To Spathianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and demise of Permian biogenic chert along northwest Pangea: evidence for end-Permian collapse of thermohaline circulation

Beauchamp

Baud

2002

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

272

132

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“…The small quantity of data is undoubtedly related to the scarcity of localities with a complete record for the Permo-Triassic boundary. As was mentioned earlier, the preservation of radiolarian faunas were so strongly affected by the end Permian environmental collapse that a conspicuous "radiolarite gap" has been described (Isozaki 1994(Isozaki , 1997Kakuwa 1996) from the uppermost Permian (Clarkina iranica Zone of conodont) until the end of the lower Olenekian (top of the Smithian) lasting about 10 Ma. But recent investigations show that this gap, spread over the world, does not exist in high southern latitudes (New Zealand) where radiolarites have been recently described Takemura et al 2002Takemura et al , 2003.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…4). They reappeared only in the Spathian after a "chert gap" of 7 to 8 Ma (Isozaki 1994;Kakuwa 1996). This is, in part, the reason why the abrupt change in radiolarians is amplified after this long period of instability.…”

Section: Diversity Of Radiolarian Families At a Global Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

The plankton turnover at the Permo-Triassic boundary, emphasis on radiolarians

Wever

O’Dogherty

Goričan³

2006

Eclogae geol. Helv.

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The examination of plankton biodiversity through Permian-Triassic period seems to display different patterns of evolution depending of the scale of study (taxonomy stratigraphy or biogeography). In this paper we present the state of the art of the plankton turnover at the Permo-Triassic and we review more precisely the pattern of extinction and recovery of radiolarians during such period, because at that time, plankton was essentially represented by radiolarians. At a global scale the end-Permian to early Triassic period is marked by several strong extinctions in the marine realm, and in the radiolarians they occur progressively as exemplified by two orders of radiolarians: Albaillelaria and Latentifistularia. Nevertheless, this period is marked by a tremendous post-crisis diversification in both at family and generic level, more than extinction; an actualized revision of the diversity at the family level is also offered in our review. At a moderate scale (i.e. genera and in a region) the modifications appear impressive while at specific and regional domain the message is not so clear, one can wonder if some crisis manifestation results from a taxonomic accident or from preservative conditions. In fact, strangely enough more the number of studies is, more the diversity is high, and oppositely less they are, more the provincialism is evoked. RESUME L'examen de la biodiversité du plancton au passage Permien-Trias semble montrer différents types de manifestation selon l'échelle d'observation aussi bien en terme de stratigraphie que de taxonomie ou de géographie. A cette époque, le plancton était surtout représenté par les radiolaires. A une échelle globale cette période est certes marquée par des extinctions mais elles sont progressives comme le prouvent les deux ordres de radiolaires: les Albaillelaria et des Latentifistularia. Néanmoins cette période est surtout marquée par une énorme diversification post-crise, plus encore que par l'extinction. A une échelle moyenne (ex. niveau générique et celui d'un pays) les renouvellements de faune semblent impressionnants, alors qu'à l'échelle des espèces et de bassins particuliers, on est conduit à se demander si des modifications résultent de réelles crises biologiques ou de problèmes de conservation. Il est amusant de constater que plus le nombre d'études est élevé, plus la diversité apparaît grande et à l'opposé, plus elles sont rares, plus le provincialisme est évoqué. sic crisis within the sedimentary successions containing wellpreserved fossils indicate that during the Early Mesozoic a genuine radiation of microplankton took place, one that included heterotrophic as well as photoautotrophic protists. Undoubtedly, the radiolarians are the most important and dominant group among the microplankton after the Permo-Triassic crisis. This is the reason why we analyse in this paper the changes that occurred in this group.

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“…In contrast, strata deposited near the P-TB horizon are composed of black carbonaceous or pyritiferous claystone (Yamakita 1987;Kajiwara et al 1994;Isozaki 1994;Kakuwa 1996;Fig. 5A, B) and occur between Permian and Triassic chert beds.…”

Section: Permo-triassic Boundary Superanoxia and Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memories of Pre-Jurassic Lost Oceans: How To Retrieve Them From Extant Lands

Isozaki

2014

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The information reflected in mid-oceanic sedimentary deposits provides critical constraints for reconstructing past global environmental changes. Available data from extant oceans, however, are limited to the Early Jurassic and younger ages, because older oceanic plates have been subducted. This article explains methods for obtaining information on pre-Jurassic mid-oceanic conditions by conducting fieldwork on older orogenic belts exposed on land. The key point is the identification of ancient accretionary complexes (AC), not along currently active margins but within older orogenic belts in continental domains, particularly by recognizing ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) that contains mid-oceanic strata, as demonstrated by studies of on-land exposed ancient AC in Japan and elsewhere. In this paper, six examples of retrieved mid-oceanic sedimentary data are introduced, in which significant records on the following unique events in the pre-Jurassic world are archived: 1) the extinction-related Paleozoic–Mesozoic boundary superanoxia (based on data from the Jurassic AC in SW Japan); 2) the Permian Kamura cooling event in the mid-Panthalassa (ditto); 3) the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth evidence from the mid-Iapetus Ocean (based on data from the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian AC in Wales, UK); 4) the discovery of enigmatic Ediacaran (Neoproterozoic) microfossils from a mid-oceanic atoll complex (based on data from the Cambrian AC in southern Siberia, Russia); and 5) and 6) Early Archean (3.8 and 3.5 Ga) biogenic signatures in mid-oceanic deep-sea environments (based on data from the Eoarchean AC at Isua in Greenland, and the Paleoarchean one in Pilbara, Western Australia). These results demonstrate the great utility of OPS analysis for understanding pre-Jurassic lost oceans, including the early biological and environmental evolution of the globe. SOMMAIRELes informations enregistrées dans les dépôts sédimentaires médio-océaniques constituent des contraintes logiques qui permettent de reconstituer les changements environnementaux globaux. Cela dit, l’information sur de grands pans de fonds océaniques est limitée aux fonds océaniques Jurassiques précoces et plus jeunes, parce que les fonds océaniques plus anciens ont été subduits. Le présent article explique des méthodes permettant d’obtenir de l’information sur les milieux médio-océaniques pré-jurassiques par des levés de terrain sur des ceintures orogéniques affleurant sur terre. L’idée centrale consiste à circonscrire d’anciens complexes d’accrétion (AC), hors des marges actives actuelles, soit dans les ceintures orogéniques plus anciennes au sein des domaines continentaux, en y repérant des contextes stratigraphiques de plaques océaniques (OPS) qui renferment des strates médio-océaniques, comme ça a été fait lors études d’AC affleurant au Japon et ailleurs. Le présent document décrit six exemples de contextes stratigraphiques de plaques océaniques où on trouve des indices importants des événements pré-jurassiques uniques suivants : 1) l’extinction liée à la super-anoxie de la limite Paléozoïque-Mésozoïque (à partir des données d’un AC jurassique dans le sud-ouest du Japon); 2) l’épisode de refroidissement permien de Kamura du Panthalassa moyen; 3) l’épisode néoprotérozoïque de « Terre boule de neige » conservé par l’océan mi-japétien (selon les données de l’AC néoprotérozoïque-cambrien dans les Wales au Royaume-Uni); 4) la découverte de microfossiles édiacariens (Néoprotérozoïque) d’un complexe d’atolls médio-océaniques (selon les données d’un AC cambrien du sud-est sibérien, Russie); et 5 et 6) des signatures biogéniques de milieux médio-océaniques profonds de l’Archéen précoce (3,8 et 3,5 Ga) (selon les données d’un AC éoarchéen à Isua au Groenland, et d’un AC paléoarchéen à Pilbara, Australie). Ces résultats montrent la grande utilité de l'analyse de la stratigraphie des plaques océaniques pour comprendre les océans pré-Jurassique, de même que l'évolution des débuts de la vie et des milieux de vie sur Terre.

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Permian-Triassic mass extinction event recorded in bedded chert sequence in southwest Japan

Cited by 78 publications

References 11 publications

Growth and demise of Permian biogenic chert along northwest Pangea: evidence for end-Permian collapse of thermohaline circulation

Growth and demise of Permian biogenic chert along northwest Pangea: evidence for end-Permian collapse of thermohaline circulation

The plankton turnover at the Permo-Triassic boundary, emphasis on radiolarians

Memories of Pre-Jurassic Lost Oceans: How To Retrieve Them From Extant Lands

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