Permuted Block Design For Randomization In a Nursing Clinical Trial

Rudy, Ellen B.; Vaska, Patricia L.; Daly, Barbara J.; Happ, Mary Beth; Shiao, Pamela

doi:10.1097/00006199-199309000-00008

Cited by 11 publications

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“…Those in the control group were hypertension 74.9%, MI 67.1%, diabetes 38.6%, and gastrointestinal diseases 34.3%. In Shiao-PIwang et al's study, the most important symptoms in hospitalized patients were, in order, fatigue, respiratory distress, edema, low appetite, palpitation, and dizziness [27]. Alison Gay studied 125 patients with HF and found the most common underlying diseases as hypertension 69%, diabetes 54.4%, and cardiovascular diseases 49.6% [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Educating Self-Care Behaviors to Patients With Heart Failure in Hospitals of Zahedan

et al. 2013

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Background: Heart failure is a chronic disease in the elderly. Self-care education has a significant role in preventing the disease, its progress, and complications. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effect of training on self-care behaviors among patients with heart failure in hospitals of Zahedan City in 2012. Materials and Methods:The present study had a quasi-experimental interventional design with control group, and was conducted in CCU and post-CCU wards in hospitals affiliated to Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2012. There were 140 hospitalized patients in two equal groups of case (70 people) and control (70 people). The case group received an educational package including a pamphlet, an educational CD, and educational footage for their cell phone. After one month, they took the posttest. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software ver. 18. Results: After training, the mean scores of awareness, attitude and practice among patients in the case group were respectively 8.93 ± 2.32, 47.69 ± 2.21, and 66.04 ± 3.44 (P < 0.0001). The mean score difference of attitude in the intervention group was 17.78 ± 7.0, and 3.30 ± 6.85 in the control. The mean score difference of practice in the intervention group was 26.57 ± 6.37, and 2.08 ± 7.16in the control group (P < 0.0001). Conclusion:The results of the present study showed that self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure were influenced by awareness, and their practice improved with increasing their knowledge. Therefore, it is recommended to give an educational pamphlet video to patients with heart failure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Educating Self-Care Behaviors to Patients With Heart Failure in Hospitals of Zahedan

et al. 2013

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“…This study was a randomized controlled, preposttest, design wherein participants (patient-surrogate dyads) were stratified by type of dialysis (hemodialysis vs. peritoneal) and then randomized with equal allocation to the SPIRIT intervention or to usual care control, using permuted block randomization (Pocock, 1979;Rudy, Vaska, Daly, Happ, & Shiao, 1993). The assignment was implemented using sequential, opaque (security lined), numbered envelopes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized controlled trial of SPIRIT: An effective approach to preparing African‐American dialysis patients and families for end of life

Song

Ward

Happ

et al. 2009

Research in Nursing & Health

Self Cite

171

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This randomized controlled trial tested an intervention, Sharing Patients' Illness Representations to Increase Trust (SPIRIT), designed to enhance communication regarding end-of-life care between African Americans with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and their chosen surrogate decision makers (N = 58 dyads). We used surveys and semi-structured interviews to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of SPIRIT on patient and surrogate outcomes at 1 week and 3 months post-intervention. We also evaluated patients' deaths and surrogates' end-oflife decision making to assess surrogates' perceptions of benefits and limitations of the SPIRIT while facing end-of-life decisions. We found that SPIRIT promoted communication between patients and their surrogates and was effective and well received by the participants. Keywordsend-stage renal disease (ESRD); African American; end-of-life care; decision making; representational intervention Randomized Controlled Trial of SPIRIT: An Effective Approach to Preparing African American Dialysis Patients and Families for End-of-LifeAdvances in medicine may extend life but often with decreasing quality and escalating dependence on medical technologies (Blank & Merrick, 2005). End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an example of a chronic illness wherein a technology, dialysis, significantly extends patients' lives but does not necessarily improve the quality of that prolonged survival. The annual mortality rate in this population is high; of 450,000 patients with ESRD, more than 79,000 died in the United States in 2004 (U.S. Renal Data System, 2007. The Renal Physicians Association and American Society of Nephrology (2000) recommend that clinicians initiate timely and continuous discussions with dialysis patients and theirCorresponding author: Mi-Kyung Song, PhD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Nursing, 4108 Carrington Hall, CB # 7460, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7460, Phone: 919.843.9496, Fax: 919.843.9900, Email: songm@email.unc.edu. The study was conducted at the University of Pittsburgh. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptRes Nurs Health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 August 3. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript families to assist them in expressing wishes about options in managing their illness and end of life. However, many such discussions are delayed until near death and are narrowly targeted to completion of advance directives (Cherlin, et al., 2005;Covinsky, et al., 2000) despite the widely documented limitations associated with advance directives (Fagerlin & Schneider, 2004;Perkins, 2007).Several factors contribute to the lack of timely end-of-life discussions. Patients and their families may not foresee that death is approaching. This lack of foresight may be due to patients' vacillating between focusing on the illness (having kidney disease) or on the relative wellness they experience from dialysis. Once acclimated to a life on dialysis, patients and their families may have a pe...

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“…Table 2 summarizes the main features of the designs of the four controlled trials. It is perhaps enlightening that the study which most fully accepted that it could only truly be a quasi‐experiment ( Rudy et al 1996b ) managed to exercise the most successful control over the study environment. Even here there was attrition from the potential sample which might have related to the treatment options and thus could be systematic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outcomes of care for patients assigned to the unit were compared a control group in the ICU. A complex assignment pattern was adopted to ensure that the beds in the SCU were fully utilized without skewing the sample ( Rudy et al 1996b ). The result of one coin toss allocates a patient randomly to SCU or ICU.…”

Section: The Special Care Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there was some indication of pre‐test differences the difference was likely to disadvantage the treatment group. There was some potential for the treatment to interact with sample attrition due to withdrawal of patients who become unstable from the sample ( Rudy et al 1996b ). It is possible that such a withdrawal will happen to patients allocated to the SCU and awaiting transfer with a higher frequency than patients assigned to remain in the ICU since no change in the clinical pathway of those patients is called for.…”

Section: The Special Care Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effectiveness of ‘nursing beds’: a review of the literature

Griffiths

Wilson‐Barnett

1998

Journal of Advanced Nursing

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A literature search was conducted to identify 'nursing led in-patient units' where the nurse is the designated leader of the clinical team. The review concentrates on studies which have attempted to measure the impact of nursing-led in-patient units and reviews both the methodology and outcomes. Three major bodies of work were identified. Lydia Hall's evaluation of the Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation (USA) is reviewed in some detail. This work was the model for 'nursing beds' at the two Oxfordshire Nursing Development Units (UK) in the 1980s. Studies evaluating these centres are reviewed and reports of similar UK units discussed. A third body of work evaluates a nurse-managed critical care environment. Common features include a case mix based on nursing need with nurses having authority to admit and discharge patients. While results are generally favourable, with improved patient independence, fewer readmissions, lower mortality and cost savings reported in some or all of the studies, all studies reviewed demonstrate the difficulties of applying an experimental model to real life clinical services. Methodological limitations render firm conclusions difficult. Techniques adopted from studies in field settings, the so-called 'quasi-experiment', are advocated as a remedy, as is further study of the process of care in investigating this model of care delivery.

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Permuted Block Design For Randomization In a Nursing Clinical Trial

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

The Effect of Educating Self-Care Behaviors to Patients With Heart Failure in Hospitals of Zahedan

The Effect of Educating Self-Care Behaviors to Patients With Heart Failure in Hospitals of Zahedan

Randomized controlled trial of SPIRIT: An effective approach to preparing African‐American dialysis patients and families for end of life

The effectiveness of ‘nursing beds’: a review of the literature

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