“…After that, based on clinical experience of POEM, further submucosal endoscopic procedures were developed, including peroral endoscopic tumor resection (POET), submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER), gastric POEM (G-POEM), POEM for Zenker's diverticulum (Z-POEM) and POEM with diverticulum resection (D-POEM). [4][5][6][7][8] Furthermore, peroral endoscopic fundoplication (POEF), which involves endoscopic fundoplication in the abdominal cavity, is now being performed in clinical practice. 9 In this article, we will describe major submucosal endoscopy for the upper gastrointestinal tract.…”