Perovskite‐Based Indoor Photovoltaics and their Competitors

Abstract

Modern electronics face formidable challenges in energy efficiency and durability. Owing to their safety, lightweight design, and simplicity, indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) have garnered substantial attention among various sustainable power sources. Remarkable progress is made in IPVs, achieving power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) ranging from 3.6% using silicon materials in 2011 to an impressive 42.43% using current perovskite materials. Although numerous summaries exist, most reviews of IPVs have narrowly focused on single active materials and lack a systematic overview across different material categories starting from fundamental design principles. This comprehensive review addresses this knowledge gap by introducing IPVs fabricated based on silicon, dye, III‐V, organic, and perovskite materials, compares the PCEs of these devices for indoor applications, and provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the different materials. For the most promising materials, optimization and modification schemes are presented for perovskite‐based IPVs. The standardized testing of IPVs and urgent challenges encountered in their development are emphasized. This review offers valuable guidance for material selection and device design for future IPVs to facilitate PCE improvement and challenge resolution in the field of IPVs.