Perovskite-based multi-dimension THz modulation of EIT-like metamaterials

Huang, Cheng; Zhang, Yong Gang; Liang, Lan Ju; Yao, Hai Yun; Yan, Xin; Liu, Wenjia; Qiu, Fu

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.169348

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Its absorption and dispersion characteristics change greatly in the transparent window. For this reason, EIT metamaterial has excellent application prospects in new sensors, 2 – 4 optical modulation, 5 – 7 slow-light devices, 8 – 11 and other fields. The EIT effect has great potential in sensing applications because of its strong dispersion characteristics and high transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and simulation of a compact graphene metamaterial sensor with high sensitivity based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Xiao,

Ma,

Cai

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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Electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) is a transparent window phenomenon with high transmittance in atomic systems, which has a broad application in the sensing field. We propose a compact graphene metamaterial sensor and analyze its mechanism of EIT-like effect. The unit cell is composed of an octagonal star graphene ring and a rectangular graphene ring and excites EIT-like effect through the strong coupling of the light mode and the dark mode. The compact graphene structure design improves the area utilization rate and contributes to the miniaturization of devices, and the EIT window is actively tunable by the change of the Fermi level of graphene to improve the applicable range of the sensor. The numerical simulation demonstrates that the refractive index sensitivity can reach 2.828 THz/RIU, meaning that the transmission curves of the sensor shift 2.828 THz per unit change of refractive index of the surrounding medium and its figure of merit can reach 5.34. The proposed structure can be applied to the high-sensitivity refractive index sensing in the terahertz band and has great application potential in the biological and chemical sensing field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and simulation of a compact graphene metamaterial sensor with high sensitivity based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Xiao,

Ma,

Cai

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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“…The emergence of metamaterials (MMs) provides an alternative to achieve the EIT phenomenon [11] by exploiting the near-field coupling between the resonators. This approach not only overcomes the experimental constraints, but also opens new avenues to study various aspects related to EIT, such as terahertz (THz) modulation [12], sensing, slow light systems and optical buffers [4] at room temperature. MMs are artificially designed structures usually made of meta-atoms, and exhibit transmission or reflection properties of incident waves that do not often occur in natural materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetically induced transparency in a strongly coupled orthogonal polarization-insensitive planar terahertz metamaterial

Vaswani,

Chouhan,

Panwar

et al. 2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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We demonstrate experimentally and numerically the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect in a strongly coupled planar terahertz (THz) metamaterial. The circular-shaped four-arc geometry combined with cross resonators ensures the polarization-insensitive response of the EIT for the orthogonal polarization incident THz. The EIT response can be varied by changing the gap between the arc and cross-shaped resonators. The field profiles indicate a strong coupling between the resonators leading to the EIT effect. In order to understand the underlying physical mechanism, we employed a coupled harmonic oscillator model, which suggests an increase in coupling when the distance between resonators is reduced. THz time-domain spectroscopy of the fabricated samples with the same shape and size of the simulated structures was used to verify the numerical findings. Our study uses a symmetric and easy-to-fabricate planar metasurface that can pave the way for the design and construction of THz photonic components, such as optical switches and slow light devices.

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“…Due to the phase change properties, VO 2 is often embedded in a metamaterial structure to fabricate a THz modulator, and other materials which have the same phase change properties (e.g., bismuth, graphene, and gyroelectric) can be used to fabricate the THz modulator too. [12][13][14][15][16] As ref. [17] shown, an active and smart electro-optic THz modulator based on a strongly correlated electron oxide VO 2 was proposed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microtopography‐Guided Double‐Layer Cross Structure for a Terahertz Multiband Amplitude Modulator

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Inter

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electromagnetic waves change from transmission to reflection, and the change process is reversible. Due to the phase change properties, VO 2 is often embedded in a metamaterial structure to fabricate a THz modulator, and other materials which have the same phase change properties (e.g., bismuth, graphene, and gyroelectric) can be used to fabricate the THz modulator too. [12][13][14][15][16] As ref. [17] shown, an active and smart electro-optic THz modulator based on a strongly correlated electron oxide VO 2 was proposed. The metamaterial structure of the THz modulator is composed od three layers, the materials of each layer are silver (Ag), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and VO 2 , respectively. With milliampere current excitation on the VO 2 film, the transmission, reflection, absorption, and phase of THz waves can be modulated efficiently. In particular, the antireflection condition can be actively achieved and the modulation depth reaches 0.99. As ref. [18] shown, an optically and thermally controlled THz modulator based on silicon (Si) and VO 2 hybrid meta surface is proposed to improve the ability of flexibly manipulating THz waves, and the modulator can bring a deep MD of 0.97 at 0.9 THz. There are other phase-change materials used in the modulator to modulate THz waves except VO 2 . As ref. [19] shown, a faraday modulator based on graphene, gyroelectric (InSb), SiO 2 , and Si materials was proposed. Finally, the THz signal transmission can be modified from 0 to 0.8 by varying applied static magnetic fields. As ref. [20] shown, a high-performance, broadband THz modulator based on the photo-induced transparency of carbon nanotube films was proposed. The modulation depth of this modulator can reach +0.8 with modulation speeds of 340 GHz under femtosecond pulsed illumination. In summary, the metamaterial structures are used to realize the transmission and reflection, and phasechange materials (PCM) are inserted in the metamaterial structures to modulate the transmission and reflection. Generally, all the structures are prepared by photolithography, etching, or liftoff technologies. As the feature size of metamaterials reduces to micro and nano scale, the cost rises at an exponential rate, and the accuracy of insertion of PCM is difficult to control.A deep MD of the modulator will bring a large-scale modulation, which means lots of signals can be controlled, thereby the diversity of modulation can be improved. Meanwhile, high rising and falling slopes of the filtering band, leading to a short time from filtering pass to blocking thereby an improvement of transmission response. Herein, a THz multiband amplitude Terahertz (THz) modulator can be used to modulate the amplitude and frequency of THz wave. A THz multiband amplitude modulator based on temperature control is proposed in this study. The metamaterial structure of proposed modulator is a double-layer cross structure which attached on a silicon substrate, and the cross-distribution of different materials in top and middle layer is Cu @ SiO 2 and SiO 2 @ VO 2 , r...

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Perovskite-based multi-dimension THz modulation of EIT-like metamaterials

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Design and simulation of a compact graphene metamaterial sensor with high sensitivity based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Design and simulation of a compact graphene metamaterial sensor with high sensitivity based on electromagnetically induced transparency

Electromagnetically induced transparency in a strongly coupled orthogonal polarization-insensitive planar terahertz metamaterial

Microtopography‐Guided Double‐Layer Cross Structure for a Terahertz Multiband Amplitude Modulator

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