Perovskite Nano‐Heterojunctions: Synthesis, Structures, Properties, Challenges, and Prospects

Abstract

Scientific and industrial interest on perovskite semiconductor materials has grown rapidly in recent years. Through the efforts of researchers professionals in chemistry, physics, materials and electronics, etc., many records based on perovskites have been and are being refreshed. The brilliant performances emerge not only from the excellent properties of perovskite themselves, but also originate from the composite material systems of hybridizing perovskites with heteromaterials. Herein, first, the crystal and nanostructures of perovskite materials, semiconductor-based heterojunctions, and the categories of perovskite heterojunction are fundamentally introduced. Then, the state-of-the-art synthesis methods, size and structure control, electron structure-related physical properties, and applications of the perovskite-based nano-heterojunctions are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, perspectives on tackling challenges and developing trends are discussed.

Stable Unbiased Photo‐Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting Exceeding 3% Efficiency via Covalent Triazine Framework/Metal Oxide Hybrid Photoelectrodes

“…The formation of heterojunction can lead to the creation of a built-in electric field and facilitate charge separation. [20,24,33,40,41] Moreover, the marked differences in Femi levels should be also beneficial for improving photovoltages to drive water splitting. [8,24,33] The unique electronic structure of CTF-BTh renders it is the first known semiconductor to form favorable heterojunctions with both photocathodes and photoanodes.…”

Hollow Multishelled Structured SrTiO3 with La/Rh Co‐Doping for Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting under Visible Light

“…utilization of incident light within the absorption edge, which is usually achieved by a hierarchal or resonant structure which could trap the light and extend the optical length. [11][12][13][14] Recently, the construction of hollow multishelled structures (HoMSs) with porous shells and hieratical cavities has proven to be an ideal solution to elevate the light harnesses and photocatalytic performances. [15][16][17][18][19] Unfortunately, the extension of the optical absorption edge of HoMS photocatalysts over visible light regions has not been systematically explored yet.…”

CsPbX3‐ITO (X = Cl, Br, I) Nano‐Heterojunctions: Voltage Tuned Positive to Negative Photoresponse

“…their unique properties are explored. [33][34][35][36] Known as a transparent conductive oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO) has been widely used as electrode in many commercialized and researching/developing-stage products, including perovskite based electronic and photovoltaic devices. [37][38][39] In most structures of these devices, there exists a set of transport layers between the perovskite and ITO to facilitate the charge carrier extraction or injection.…”