Perovskite/perovskite planar tandem solar cells: A comprehensive guideline for reaching energy conversion efficiency beyond 30%

Hossain, Mohammad Ismail; Saleque, Ahmed Mortuza; Ahmed, Syed M.; Ilhom, Saidjafarzoda; Shahiduzzaman, Md.; Qarony, Wayesh; Knipp, Dietmar; Bıyıklı, Necmi; Tsang, Yuen Hong

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105400

Cited by 89 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…A set of necessary electronic parameters of materials was used for the calculation, which were adapted from the literature and summarized in Table S5 [35][36][37][38][39][40]. A more detailed description of the electrical simulation is provided in Section S3 and literatures [11,37]. Such an advanced numerical approach with the combination of optical and electrical simulations provides excellent agreement with the experiments [36,37,41], as experimentally realized material properties were used in the simulation environment.…”

Section: Coupled Opto-electrical Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy conversion efficiency (ECE) of single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has now increased rapidly by more than 25% [6], since Miyasaka and co-workers first reported perovskites as a photo-absorber material with an ECE of 3.8% [3]. Furthermore, the multi-bandgap property of perovskites allows realizing high-efficiency tandem solar cells (TSCs) [5,[7][8][9][10][11], which have a tremendous ability to surpass the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit of silicon solar cells [12,13]. According to the detailed-balance theory, ECE of the TSC may go beyond 45% if the optimum material bandgaps (~ 1.1 and ~ 1.73 eV) are selected [9,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spray Pyrolyzed TiO2 Embedded Multi-Layer Front Contact Design for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be improved by utilizing efficient front contact. However, it has always been a significant challenge for fabricating high-quality, scalable, controllable, and cost-effective front contact. This study proposes a realistic multi-layer front contact design to realize efficient single-junction PSCs and perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs). As a critical part of the front contact, we prepared a highly compact titanium oxide (TiO2) film by industrially viable Spray Pyrolysis Deposition (SPD), which acts as a potential electron transport layer (ETL) for the fabrication of PSCs. Optimization and reproducibility of the TiO2 ETL were discreetly investigated while fabricating a set of planar PSCs. As the front contact has a significant influence on the optoelectronic properties of PSCs, hence, we investigated the optics and electrical effects of PSCs by three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and finite element method (FEM) rigorous simulations. The investigation allows us to compare experimental results with the outcome from simulations. Furthermore, an optimized single-junction PSC is designed to enhance the energy conversion efficiency (ECE) by > 30% compared to the planar reference PSC. Finally, the study has been progressed to the realization of all-perovskite TSC that can reach the ECE, exceeding 30%. Detailed guidance for the completion of high-performance PSCs is provided.

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Section: Coupled Opto-electrical Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray Pyrolyzed TiO2 Embedded Multi-Layer Front Contact Design for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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“…For example, perovskite/perovskite and perovskite/Si tandem cells have reached record efficiencies of 24.4% (Nanjing University) and 29.5% (Oxford PV), respectively, both certified in late 2020. [1,2] With continuous improvement of perovskite material quality [14] and optimization of optical and electrical device design, [15,16] perovskite-based tandem cells are likely to reach efficiencies over 30% in the near future. Regarding the performance calibration of tandem emerging solar cells, most measurement procedures discussed in this paper can be transferred from single-junction to tandem emerging cells except that the spectral tuning procedure for tandem solar cells is more complicated and the I-V measurement procedure for 4-terminal tandem cells is different from 2-terminal ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure16. NREL's latest best research-cell efficiency chart with emerging PV technologies highlighted (version 2021-01-08) [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Performance Calibration Guidance for Perovskites and Other Emerging Solar Cells

Song

Friedman

Kopidakis

2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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have also shown remarkable efficiency improvements from ≈10% in 2017 to the latest confirmed efficiency records of 18.2% and 18.1%, respectively. [1,2] Despite the progress, researchers [3][4][5][6][7][8] have argued that many reported efficiencies in journals are being incorrectly measured, which can lead to controversies in efficiency comparison, and damage the credibility and long-term development of this field. The most common cause of efficiency ambiguity is related to the electrical I-V measurement procedure. For conventional crystalline Si cells, a current-voltage (I-V) scan is usually carried out with short dwell times from milliseconds (hereafter termed "flash I-V") to seconds (hereafter termed "fast I-V"). It is a very robust method to extract device efficiencies for Si PV and has been included in the ASTM and IEC standards [9,10] for both PV cell and module performance measurements. However, adoption of this protocol for emerging PV technologies causes efficiency ambiguity due to variable forms of electrical behaviors, mostly relating to the I-V sweep setup (i.e., scan rate and direction) and preconditioning requirements like lightsoaking. [4][5][6][7][8] For instance, hysteresis behaviors in fast I-V scans are often seen in perovskite solar cells, as shown in Figure 1. The I-V curves differ between the forward and reverse scan directions and the degree of discrepancy typically varies with the scan rate and/or preconditioning. It is therefore difficult to conduct meaningful efficiency comparisons between different emerging PV device architectures using conventional fast I-V scans. What is more important is that these controversial performance results may sacrifice confidence on future emerging PV deployment in the renewable energy portfolio. Alternatively, measurement protocols that drive the cell to steady-state provide a reliable and reproducible way to calibrate efficiencies and help all interest groups set up benchmarks for performance comparison and technology advancement. A detailed discussion on the steady-state performance calibration protocol will be presented in Section 2.3 and is the main scope of this paper.Prior to discussing steady-state performance measurements and in the interest of providing a comprehensive calibration protocol for emerging PV, we also briefly discuss two important aspects of the performance measurement sequence: the area definition and the spectral response measurement. Poorly defined device areas [11,12] result in a common measurement error and are discussed in Section 2.1. Given the small sizes

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Both the academic and industrial communities are intrigued by the PSCs due to their unique combination of desirable properties and ease of fabrication as they offer high absorption, tunable bandgap, low deposition temperature, and long carrier diffusion length, while using an inexpensive and scalable solution process to fabricate PSCs. [9][10][11][12][13] At a basic level, the large carrier diffusion lengths >1 μm combined with the short penetration depth of light (≤0.4 μm) results in thin-film solar cells with high power conversion efficiency (PCE). [13,14] The PCE of PSCs under laboratory conditions increased from 3.8% [15] to 25.5% [16,17] in a few years, demonstrating…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Nanophotonic Front Contact Design for High‐Performance Perovskite Single‐Junction and Perovskite/Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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The front contact of solar cells greatly influences the optoelectronic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by controlling the coherent light propagation as well as charge transport within the device. Herein, the nanophotonic front contact consisting of multilayer nanodomes and nanoholes for high‐efficiency perovskite single‐junction and perovskite/perovskite tandem solar cells (PVK/PVK TSCs) is investigated. The optical and electrical characteristics of solar cells are investigated by conducting an advanced 3D numerical approach with the combination of finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) and finite‐element method (FEM) simulations embedded with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The numerical modeling is validated by fabricating a set of efficient PSCs, optimized to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.9%, VOC of 1.07 V, JSC of 21.8 mA cm−2 and fill factor (FF) of 77%. The nanophotonic device results in improved JSC by 10−15%, resulting from 10−15% enhanced light incoupling compared with the planar device, while also strengthening the omnidirectional capabilities at angles of illumination as high as 40°. The optimized nanophotonic front contact results in PCEs of >23% and >30% (matched JSC ≈18 mA cm−2) for single‐junction PSCs and PVK/PVK TSCs, respectively. Details of the nanophotonic front contact, device, and fabrication process are provided.

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Perovskite/perovskite planar tandem solar cells: A comprehensive guideline for reaching energy conversion efficiency beyond 30%

Cited by 89 publications

References 53 publications

Spray Pyrolyzed TiO2 Embedded Multi-Layer Front Contact Design for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Spray Pyrolyzed TiO2 Embedded Multi-Layer Front Contact Design for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Comprehensive Performance Calibration Guidance for Perovskites and Other Emerging Solar Cells

Improved Nanophotonic Front Contact Design for High‐Performance Perovskite Single‐Junction and Perovskite/Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

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