Perovskite Solar Cell with an Efficient TiO₂ Compact Film

Abstract

A perovskite solar cell with a thin TiO2 compact film prepared by thermal oxidation of sputtered Ti film achieved a high efficiency of 15.07%. The thin TiO2 film prepared by thermal oxidation is very dense and inhibits the recombination process at the interface. The optimum thickness of the TiO2 compact film prepared by thermal oxidation is thinner than that prepared by spin-coating method. Also, the TiO2 compact film and the TiO2 porous film can be sintered at the same time. This one-step sintering process leads to a lower dark current density, a lower series resistance, and a higher recombination resistance than those of two-step sintering. Therefore, the perovskite solar cell with the TiO2 compact film prepared by thermal oxidation has a higher short-circuit current density and a higher fill factor.

The Effect of Solvents on the Performance of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Figure 5 shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the ITO and CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 layers fabricated using various solvents. [5,6,15]. This finding shows that the perovskite layers produced from the different solvents are highly crystalline structures without other PbI 2 and CH 3 NH 3 I peaks being observed.…”

“…The TCO substrates used in the conventional and inverted structures are Fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) and indium tin oxide (ITO), respectively, which are attributed to the fabrication process in temperature treatment. The ETL materials used in the conventional structures are usually Titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), and Zinc oxide (ZnO) [7,15], and the HTL materials used in the conventional structures are poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) and 2,2 ,7,7 -tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxy-phenylamine)-9,9 -bifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) [15,16]. On the other hand, the HTL and ETL materials for the inverted structures are poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and [6,6]-phenyl C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), respectively [8][9][10][11].…”

Efficient and Air‐Stable Mixed‐Cation Lead Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells with n‐Doped Organic Electron Extraction Layers

“…Additionally, we observe an almost 30% reduction in series resistance (R s ), [41] which can be attributed to the enhanced conductivity of the doped C 60 layer or improved electronic contact at the C 60 -FTO interface. [42] In Figure S18 in the Supporting Information, we show the reverse dark current of the pristine and doped devices. Since we do not observe a significant reduction in the dark current density at low applied biases with doping, we do not expect the voids observed from SEM images to propagate through the film in the form of pin-holes.…”

Effect of Annealing Process on CH3NH3PbI3-XClX Film Morphology of Planar Heterojunction Perovskite Solar Cells with Optimal Compact TiO2 Layer

“…'s work [29], the thickness of c-TiO 2 layer has a huge influence on the photovoltaic performance on the PSCs. We characterized the thickness of TiO 2 ESL using the surface profiler.…”