Perovskite solar cells: importance, challenges, and plasmonic enhancement

Ijaz, Mohsin; Shoukat, Aleena; Ayub, Asma; Tabassum, Huma; Naseer, Hira; Tanveer, Rabia; Islam, Atif; Iqbal, Tahir

doi:10.1080/15435075.2020.1818567

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Notably, since 2009, organic halide perovskites have emerged as highly promising direct bandgap semiconductors, showcasing extraordinary properties such as high bipolar charge carrier mobility, balanced electron and hole transport, long carrier diffusion length, a high absorption coefficient, and a direct and tunable bandgap. These exceptional characteristics position organic halide perovskites as highly attractive materials for diverse optoelectronic applications [1][2][3]. In recent times, a new class of low-dimensional metal halide semiconductors represented by ABX 3 has emerged as promising light absorbers for solar conversion applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the spectroscopic and structural features of methylammonium copper halide perovskites and theoretical view

Thankappan,

C S,

Babu

et al. 2024

Eng. Res. Express

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This research encompasses a comprehensive investigation of stable metal halide perovskite materials, with a focus on bandgap tuning, crystallization pathways, and the impact of moisture. To study the moisture effects on the optical properties of Methylammonium perovskites, a UV-VIS spectrophotometer was employed, providing valuable insights into their hydrophilic nature and spectroscopic properties. Additionally, morphological, and structural characterization further enhanced our understanding of the microstructure and crystallographic properties. We also explored the materials' response to intense light through the Z scan technique, examining their nonlinear optical properties. The study's findings play a pivotal role in advancing our knowledge and facilitating the development of more stable and versatile perovskite materials for practical applications. Subsequently, simulations were conducted using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator SCAPS 1D, revealing a promising solar cell architecture with a glass substrate/FTO/(CH3NH3)2CuCl4/spiro-OMeTAD/Au configuration, showcasing an impressive conversion efficiency of 27.93%, along with a fill factor of 84.16, Jsc of 34.39 mA/cm2, and Voc of 0.9 V.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the spectroscopic and structural features of methylammonium copper halide perovskites and theoretical view

Thankappan,

C S,

Babu

et al. 2024

Eng. Res. Express

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“…[10][11][12] An increasing number of articles have described experimental plasmonic PSC realizations, as reviewed in refs. [10][11][12][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67] Power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvements up to 60 % (relative increase) were reported in a few papers, however starting from relatively inefficient original cells. More generally, significant PCE improvements of the order of 2% (absolute increase) were obtained and correlated with an improvement of the short-circuit current (see Supporting information Section C for a full analysis of the state of the art).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of light absorption enhancement in perovskite solar cells by plasmonic nanoparticles

Zheng,

Pauporté,

Schwob

et al. 2023

Exploration

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Numerous experiments have demonstrated improvements on the efficiency of perovskite solar cells by introducing plasmonic nanoparticles, however, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear: the particles may enhance light absorption and scattering, as well as charge separation and transfer, or the perovskite's crystalline quality. Eventually, it can still be debated whether unambiguous plasmonic increase of light absorption has indeed been achieved. Here, various optical models are employed to provide a physical understanding of the relevant parameters in plasmonic perovskite cells and the conditions under which light absorption may be enhanced by plasmonic mechanisms. By applying the recent generalized Mie theory to gold nanospheres in perovskite, it is shown that their plasmon resonance is conveniently located in the 650–800 nm wavelength range, where absorption enhancement is most needed. It is evaluated for which active layer thickness and nanoparticle concentration a significant enhancement can be expected. Finally, the experimental literature on plasmonic perovskite solar cells is analyzed in light of this theoretical description. It is estimated that only a tiny portion of these reports can be associated with light absorption and point out the importance of reporting the perovskite thickness and nanoparticle concentration in order to assess the presence of plasmonic effects.

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“…Although the exploration of Sn- and Ge-containing materials raises hopes toward Pb-less or Pb-free photovoltaic cells, research for Pb-free 2D perovskites with replacement of halide anions to tailor the electronic and optic properties is still ongoing. An original research of the halogen substitution principle in 2D materials, especially of the influence of the electronic properties on the optical absorption characteristics, is still missing. − In this work, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of single-layer (BA) 2 GeX 4 (X = I, Br, and Cl) perovskites and their alkaline metal cation substituted (BA) 2 SnX 4 (X = I, Br, and Cl) counterparts have been investigated based on density functional theory (DFT). We find that the band gaps can be tuned through replacement with halogen atoms of its host perovskite (BA) 2 SnX 4 and (BA) 2 GeX 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Halogen Substitution on the Electronic and Optical Properties of 2D Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskites

Chen

Kuai

et al. 2021

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Development of hybrid organic−inorganic lead halide perovskites is still hampered by the toxicity of lead and their structural stability in air. Hence, the research of lead-free alternatives is extremely important to promote the development of perovskite-based photovoltaics. Here, we construct lead-free tin (Sn)-and germanium (Ge)-based two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic−inorganic perovskites, (BA) 2 GeX 4 and (BA) 2 SnX 4 (X = I, Br, and Cl), and explore their geometrical, electronic, and light absorption characteristics via first-principles calculations. The lattice constants will increase from (BA) 2 MCl 4 , (BA) 2 MBr 4 to (BA) 2 MI 4 (M = Ge, and Sn), owing to the increase in halogen ionic radius in the order of Cl − (1.81 Å) < Br − (1.96 Å) < I − (2.20 Å). Meanwhile, (BA) 2 GeX 4 materials show less lattice constants by ∼3−4% along a axis and ∼2−4% along b axis, respectively, than those of (BA) 2 SnX 4 materials. Moreover, both the 2D tin and germanium halide perovskites have direct band gaps; (BA) 2 GeX 4 exhibits values of 1.54, 2.10, and 2.55 eV, while (BA) 2 SnX 4 exhibits values of 1.53, 1.98, and 2.49 eV, for X = I, Br, and Cl, respectively. In particular, the estimated effective masses of electrons/holes in 2D-(BA) 2 GeX 4 and (BA) 2 SnX 4 are 0.15−0.23/0.16−0.27 m e and 0.14−0.18/0.14− 0.19 m h at Γ−X and 0.16−0.29/0.12−0.14 m e and 0.22−0.35/0.12−0.14 m h at Γ−Y, respectively, about half of those in BA 2 PbI 4 and BA 2 PbBr 4 . Furthermore, the density of states (DOS) and partial DOS results suggest that the contributions to the valence and conduction band are mostly made by the components of halogen p state orbitals and metal p state orbitals, respectively. Furthermore, the band-decomposed charge densities of the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum results imply that the distorted inorganic [GeX 6 ] 4− and [SnX 6 ] 4− octahedra have a direct influence on the band gaps. Our results indicate that this series of homologous 2D tin and germanium halide perovskites are a promising class of stable and efficient light-absorbing materials for photovoltaic and/or photoelectronic applications.

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Perovskite solar cells: importance, challenges, and plasmonic enhancement

Cited by 28 publications

References 156 publications

Insights into the spectroscopic and structural features of methylammonium copper halide perovskites and theoretical view

Insights into the spectroscopic and structural features of methylammonium copper halide perovskites and theoretical view

Models of light absorption enhancement in perovskite solar cells by plasmonic nanoparticles

Impact of Halogen Substitution on the Electronic and Optical Properties of 2D Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskites

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