Perovskite Solar Modules: Design Optimization

Abstract

The increasing demand for solar energy has led researchers worldwide to develop new photovoltaic technologies. Among these, perovskite materials are one of the most promising candidates, with a performance evolution unparalleled in the photovoltaic field. However, this thin-film technology is not yet available at a commercial level, mainly due to upscaling issues. This work studied the best design options for upscaling single cells into modules by minimizing electrical losses in the device substrates. The software LAOSS was used to test and optimize different substrate sizes and designs and to predict several performance outcomes from experimentally fabricated single cells. The results showed that it is possible to retain most of the energy production when upscaling from a single cell to a module if the appropriate design for an efficient monolithic device is used. The width of the interconnection zone also plays an important role in device performance and must be carefully optimized during module design. It then demonstrates the importance of having precise laser tools, which are essential for narrow and smooth scribes, and how useful simulation software can be, which, combined with experimental developments, will facilitate efficient module fabrication, aiming to establish it as a feasible and marketable resource.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera flipjevi

“…For homology-based prediction, firstly, protein repertoires of H. glycines (GCA_004148225.2) 41 , G. pallida (GCA_000724045.1) 42 , G. rostochiensis (GCA_900079975.1) 43 , M. incognita (GCA_900182535.1) 44 , M. hapla (GCA_000172435.1) 45 , Caenorhabditis elegans (GCA_000002985.3) 46 , Haemonchus contortus (GCA_000442195.1) 47 , Pristionchus pacificus (GCA_918442795.1) 48 , Brugia malayi (GCA_000002995.5) 49 , Drosophila melanogaster (GCA_029775095.1) 50 and Homo sapiens (GCA_024586135.1) 51 were aligned against the H. filipjevi genome using TBLASTN (Version 2.2.29) 52 . Secondly, the BLAST hits were conjoined by Solar software (version 0.9.6) 53 . Thirdly, GeneWise (version 2.2.0) 54 was used to predict the exact gene structure of the corresponding genomic region on each BLAST hit.…”

Laser Scribing for Perovskite Solar Modules of Long‐Term Stability

“…So far, previous studies have reported various coating methods for large-area modules, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] proper module designs, [15,16] and interconnection methods. [4,[17][18][19][20][21][22] Also, monolithic interconnection plays a critical role in solar module performance, and therefore, interconnection methods such as mechanical scribing and laser scribing have been extensively studied.…”

“…Module interconnection was established as a serial connection using laser scribing and executed through P1, P2, and P3. [23,24] P1 and P3 separate adjacent cells by removing the bottom and top electrodes, respectively, and P2 exposes the bottom electrode to connect the top and bottom electrodes when the top-electrode material is deposited. The laser-scribing quality significantly Although the efficiency of hybrid lead-halide perovskite solar cells has been significantly improved, the efficiency gap between small-area cells and large modules continues to be a considerable challenge.…”

Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies for Scalable Deposition of Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

“…Reducing dead area, adapting to flexible substrates, and integrating architecture play crucial roles in scaling up single cells into large and efficient modules, efficiently. [ 30 ] Commonly, PSCs have been fabricated on the transparent conductive oxides (TCO) with sheet resistance of ≈10 Ω sq −1 . [ 31 ] Unfortunately, the sheet resistance of TCO increases at large scales, resulting in enhanced current losses in the solar cell.…”