Peroxide modification of poly(butylene adipate‐<i>co</i>‐succinate)

Kim, D. J.; Kang, Ho-Sun; Seo, Kap-Ho

doi:10.1002/app.1479

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is probably responsible for an increase in the thermal stability of crosslinked PCL. Similar results were also reported for the crosslinking of poly(butylenes adipate‐ co ‐succinate) by Kim et al27…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The signal of suicide rates seen from a distance in patients with pancreatic cancer

Greenberg

2010

Cancer

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The epidemiological satellite view of patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma between 1995 and 2005 reported by Turaga et al in this issue of Cancer 1 sheds light on the emotional course of a grave cancer. Pancreatic cancer long has been linked to depression and distress. The authors document a disproportionate standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for suicide >10 times that in the general population among patients with pancreatic cancer. What do we make of this signal?The paradox is that suicide among patients with pancreatic cancer actually is quite rare. Most oncologists, even those who are caring for patients with pancreatic cancer alone, could believe that no patients kill themselves when faced with this diagnosis. Among greater than 36,000 patients, there were 30 who killed themselves, such that suicide was the recorded cause of death. Of those 30 patients, 28 were men, and they were more apt to be men without a spouse-single, divorced, or widowed. All but 4 patients were aged >60 years.In the general United States population, suicide occurs most often in older white men. 2 Substance abuse and major depressive disorder are major risk factors. Suicide attempts are all the more successful with firearms. Risk factors for depression are personal lifetime history, a family history of depressive disorder, prior suicide attempts, lack of social support, and stressful life events.The diagnosis of cancer, needless to say, is a stressful life event. Among US patients who are diagnosed with cancer overall, the risk of suicide doubles, 3 and older white men have the greatest risk, as in the general population. High relative risks of suicide are different for different tumor types. The highest rates in the most common tumors recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute from 1973 to 2002 were for tumors of the lung and bronchus (SMR, 5.74), stomach (SMR, 4.68), oral cavity and pharynx (SMR, 3.66), and larynx (SMR, 2.83) 3 ; however, no rates were as high as the rate for pancreatic cancer.Patients face the existential plight most acutely in the first 100 days after diagnosis. 4 The newness of the diagnosis and the perception of advanced disease can be overwhelming and can influence the risk of suicide. This pattern also is observed among men with prostate cancer. Suicide was the cause of death for 148 of 342,500 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1979 and 2004 who were followed in the SEER Program. Patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer at a mean age of 70 years, similar to the mean age at diagnosis among patients with pancreatic cancer, had a greater risk of suicide during the first year, and especially during the first 3 months after diagnosis 5 : the SMR adjusted for age was 1.4 compared with all US men, which was much less marked (but still elevated) than that in patients with pancreatic cancer. The highest relative risk of suicide was during the first weeks after diagnosis. Similarly, the first week after d...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

The signal of suicide rates seen from a distance in patients with pancreatic cancer

Greenberg

2010

Cancer

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“…Them ost common approach toward the CÀHf unctionalization of aliphatic polyesters is HATreactions initiated by thermolysis of ap eroxide.F or example,a ni mprovement in the mechanical properties of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) at high temperature was observed through cross-linking reactions initiated by the thermolysis of DCP. [150,151] Detailed characterization of the reaction demonstrated that the gel content of the cross-linked material plateaued at 80 wt %and the storage modulus,l oss modulus,a nd complex viscosity improved after cross-linking. [152] To achieve more efficient cross-linking,P BS was also cross-linked in the presence of at rifunctional acrylate to produce polyester foams by melt blowing.…”

Section: Aliphatic Polyestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

C−H Functionalization of Commodity Polymers

et al. 2019

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Synthetic manipulation of polymer substrates is one of the oldest and most reliable methods to increase the functional diversity of soft materials. Modifying the chemical structure of polymers that are already produced on a commodity scale leverages the current high‐volume and low‐cost production of commodity plastics for the discovery of modern materials. A myriad of polymer C−H functionalization methods have been developed which enable the modification of material properties on both a laboratory and industrial scale. More recently, driven by advances in C−H activation, photoredox catalysis, and radical chemistry, chemoselective approaches have emerged as a means to impart precise functionality onto commodity polymer substrates. This Review discusses the historical significance of and contemporary advances in the C−H functionalization of commodity polymers. The conceptual approach outlined herein presents exciting new directions for the field, including increasing the value of otherwise pervasive materials, uncovering entirely new material properties, and a viable path to upcycle post‐consumer plastic waste.

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“…Die gängigste Methode zur C‐H‐Funktionalisierung von aliphatischen Polyestern sind HAT‐Reaktionen, die durch Thermolyse eines Peroxids ausgelöst werden. Beispielsweise wurde eine Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Poly(butylensuccinat) (PBS) bei hohen Temperaturen durch Vernetzungsreaktionen, die durch Thermolyse von DCP ausgelöst wurden, beobachtet . Die detaillierte Charakterisierung der Reaktion zeigte, dass sich der Gelgehalt des vernetzten Materials auf 80 Gew.‐% einpendelte und sich der Speichermodul, der Verlustmodul und die komplexe Viskosität nach der Vernetzung verbesserten .…”

Section: Aliphatische Polyesterunclassified

C‐H‐Funktionalisierung von Standardpolymeren

et al. 2019

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Die präparative Modifizierung von Polymersubstraten ist eine der ältesten und zuverlässigsten Methoden zur Erhöhung der funktionellen Vielfalt von weichen Materialien. Bei der Modifizierung der chemischen Struktur von Polymeren, die bereits in großem Maßstab hergestellt werden, wird die jetzige kostengünstige Massenproduktion von Standardkunststoffen für die Erschließung moderner Materialien genutzt. Es wurden unzählige Methoden zur C‐H‐Funktionalisierung von Polymeren entwickelt, die die Modifizierung von Materialeigenschaften sowohl im Labormaßstab als auch im industriellen Maßstab ermöglichen. Vorangetrieben durch Fortschritte bei der C‐H‐Aktivierung, in der Photoredoxkatalyse und in der Radikalchemie, haben sich in letzter Zeit chemoselektive Methoden zu einem Weg entwickelt, um Standardpolymersubstraten eine bestimmte Funktionalität zu verleihen. Dieser Aufsatz erörtert die historische Bedeutung und die aktuellen Fortschritte der C‐H‐Funktionalisierung von Standardpolymeren. Der konzeptionelle Ansatz, über den hier ein Überblick gegeben wird, verspricht interessante neue Entwicklungsrichtungen für das Gebiet, einschließlich der Erhöhung des Wertes von überall vorhandenen Materialien, der Entdeckung vollkommen neuer Materialeigenschaften und der Einführung eines gangbaren Weges für das Upcycling von nach Gebrauch anfallenden Kunststoffabfällen.

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Peroxide modification of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐succinate)

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

The signal of suicide rates seen from a distance in patients with pancreatic cancer

The signal of suicide rates seen from a distance in patients with pancreatic cancer

C−H Functionalization of Commodity Polymers

C‐H‐Funktionalisierung von Standardpolymeren

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