Peroxiredoxin 3 (PDRX3) is highly expressed in the primate retina especially in blue cones

Abstract

Oxidative stress and loss of mitochondrial function have been implicated in age-related ocular diseases and thus studying enzymes involved in these processes may be of particular importance in these diseases. Peroxiredoxin III (PRDX3) is one of a family of six known peroxiredoxins which are known to protect cells against oxidative damage. PRDX3 is localized to the mitochondria and has been reported to be induced by hydrogen peroxide in aortic endothelial and lens epithelial cells. Using a highly specific commercially available antibody, PRDX3 was readily detected by immunoblot in monkey neural retina. Immunohistochemical analysis of human and monkey retina localized PRDX3 mainly to the photoreceptor inner segments, the outer and inner plexiform layers and the ganglion cells. These are areas of known high mitochondrial content. In the monkey retina some of the cone inner segments were much more strongly labeled than others. Dual-labeling experiments using specific anti-cone opsin antibodies determined that the high expressing cones were of the blue subtype. By contrast, in the human retina all of the cone inner segments were immunoreactive. This difference may be due to a postmortem induction of PRDX3 in the human sample. These results suggest that PRDX3 may be important in protecting photoreceptor mitochondria especially in blue cones. Keywords blue cones; photoreceptors; mitochondriaOxidative stress is suspected of playing a major role in numerous age-related diseases (Jones, 2006) and neurodegenerative disorders (Reynolds et al., 2007), and in the eye, several diseases including age-related cataract (Truscott, 2005), glaucoma (Lundmark et al. 2007), and agerelated macular degeneration (Beatty et al. 2000) are associated with endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress. A key characteristic of oxidative stress damage is loss of mitochondrial function. Thus, identifying mitochondrial specific antioxidant systems is likely to increase our understanding of these diseases. In the present report, we detected and localized for the first time mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin III (PRDX3) in the primate retina and determined that blue cones have higher expression than other cones types.

Light and Hydrogen Peroxide Inhibit C. elegans Feeding through Gustatory Receptor Orthologs and Pharyngeal Neurons

“…Interestingly, peroxiredoxins are present in the retina (Klebe et al, 2014; Moreira et al, 2008), and the light intensity at the level of the retina (after focusing by the cornea and lens) is within the range studied here (Liang et al, 1997). We speculate that the light-generation of reactive oxygen species we propose mediates the response of C. elegans to light might also occur in the retina.…”

Anti–Retinal Pigment Epithelium Antibodies in Acute Exudative Polymorphous Vitelliform Maculopathy

“…23,26 If they are used, it is important that human postmortem tissues should be fresh so as to avoid the variable gene expression that can result from hypoxia due to delays in handling. 24 In summary, we present evidence for an RPE autoimmune etiology of AEPVM and implicate PRDX3 as the putative antigen. The long follow-up of our patient confirms previous reports that AEPVM is unlikely to recur and has a good visual prognosis.…”

“…Although autoantibodies to peroxiredoxins 1 and 4 have been discovered, 22 this is the first report of the existence of autoantibodies to PRDX3, 22 a protein that previously has been demonstrated to be present in RPE. 23,24 An earlier study 8 implicated antibestrophin antibodies in a paraneoplastic Best disease-like condition, but ours is the first report linking a human RPE disease with anti-RPE antibodies against a heretofore undetermined putative protein. Assays for RPE autoantibodies and subsequent identification or confirmation of their antigenic trigger in a manner similar to ours may be useful in exploring the pathogenesis of other presumed RPErelated diseases with unknown etiologies.…”

“…Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129 (1): [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] T HE ETIOLOGY OF ACUTE exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy (AEPVM), a rare disease characterized by serous retinal detachment and subretinal accumulation of hyperautofluorescent yellowish material in the posterior pole, has been unknown. [1][2][3] The characteristic honeycomb-like pattern of hyperfluorescent whitish spots seen in the posterior pole at the onset of disease is believed to occur at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).…”

Peroxiredoxin I and II in Human Eyes

“…In the cornea, a role for peroxiredoxin VI has previously been demonstrated in wound healing (Pak et al 2006;Tchah et al 2005). In the human intraocular lens, the expression of peroxiredoxin III and VI has previously been shown in lens epithelium and stroma, and an increase in expression levels in cataract specimens has been well established, suggesting a role for these enzymes in protection from oxidative stress (Hasanova et al 2009;Kubo et al 2008;Moreira et al 2008).…”