Peroxisomes in the liver of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) electron microscopic cytochemical and biochemical studies

Kramar, R.; Goldenberg, Hans; Böck, Peter; Klobučar, N.

doi:10.1007/bf00495962

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Whereas the observations in the liver of control carp are in line with literature data (Byczkowska-Smyk 1970, Gas 1973, Kramar et al 1974, Rutschke & Brozio 1974, Rojik et al 1983, Benedeczky et al 1984, Storch et al 1984, numerous cytological changes of a n adaptive or compensatory nature could be listed in the liver of endosulfan-exposed carp. In conjunction with an enlarged nucleolus, a highly significant increase in the amount of RER together with the hypertrophy of the Golgi fields indicate a stimulation of hepatic protein synthesis, which, in turn, most likely provides the basis for the proliferation of the SER.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ultrastructural alterations in the liver and intestine of carp Cyprinus carpio induced orally by ultra-low doses of endosulfan

Braunbeck¹,

Appelbaum²

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In order to elucidate the importance of food-borne chemical contamination in fish, cytological and ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes and enterocytes of common carp Cyprinus carpio L. exposed for 5 wk to 0.5 pg endosulfan (6,7,8.9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a, 6,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo-dioxyanthiepin-3-oxide) kg-' food dry weight, equivalent to an ultra-low dosis of 15 ng kg-' fish d-', were investigated by means of light and electron microscopy Observations on liver alterations were quantified by morphometric analysis Livers show enlargement of the nucleolus, increase in number and size of both Golgi flelds and rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lamellae, as well as proliferation of peroxisomes and lysosomes. Taken together, these alterations represent the morphological equivalent of a general stimulation of hepatic metabolism. Proliferation of the smooth ER is indicative of the onset of biotransformation processes under the influence of food-borne endosulfan. Further pathological processes in the liver were evident by glycogen and lipid depletion, invasion of phagocytic macrophages, and accun?ulation of myelinated bodies in endothehal cells of hepatic sinusoids. In the intestinal tract, exposure to endosulfan is associated with a complete lack of chylomicrons in the epithelia1 lining, w h~c h indicates disturbance of intestinal absorption. The reaction of the gut epithelium also included considerable distension of the intercellular space and an elevated number of lysosomal inclusions in enterocytes. An increased rate of mucous cell precursors was detectable, and rnacrophages were numerous. Results are consistent with endosulfan resorption by the intestinal epithelium and the coexistence of gut and liver ultrastructural changes at extremely low doses. Thus, the substantiation of patholog~cal alterations In organs sequentlally in contact with toxicants appears useful as a biomarker of pollutant exposure and effect. With regard to a chemical spill into the Rhine river at Basel, Switzerland, in November 1986, endosulfan, as a component of the mixture of toxic substances, may well have contributed to the overall toxicity of the chemicals released during the accident and the subsequent fish kill, less as a toxicant in itself than as a stimulant for the toxicity of other xenobiotics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ultrastructural alterations in the liver and intestine of carp Cyprinus carpio induced orally by ultra-low doses of endosulfan

Braunbeck¹,

Appelbaum²

1999

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…When their electron density is less opaque, one can also find a straight, twisted, or curved, narrow crystal of catalase (Baumgart et al, 1997). Their apical and near apical location is typical for the bile tract as the same kind of peroxisomes are always found associated with the apices of cells in developing and differentiated bile canaliculi (Keller et al, 1993), bile ducts and in the mammalian gallbladder epithelium (Depreter et al, 2002;Kojima et al, 2003); they are similarly located in the gallbladder of other fish species (Kramar et al, 1974;Ruiter et al, 1985Ruiter et al, , 1988. The peroxisome-mitochondria association is a metabolic requirement in all cells as the peroxisomes offer protection against oxidative species and assist in oxidations of long lipids, while the mitochondria are needed for the oxidative phosphorylation pathways and, in association with peroxisomes, to perform some b-oxidation and other metabolic functions while ''protecting'' the cells against toxic bile acids in this large gallbladder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gallbladder ofUranoscopus ScaberL. (Teleost Perciform Fish) is Lined by Specialized Cholecystocytes

Gilloteaux

Ott

Oldham-Ott

2011

The Anatomical Record

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The gallbladder of Uranoscopus exhibits a mucosal surface layer of simple columnar epithelium composed of specialized cholecystocytes. The apices show storage and mucous secretions, typical microvilli, and very apical projections extending deep into the luminal contents. Many organelles and heterogeneous vesicles of diverse size fill the cytoplasm, including neutral mucins, mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomal bodies, and lipid-rich deposits with cholesterol inclusions. The fibromuscular layer shows little blood supply and contains scattered lymph-like walls with minute cholesterol inclusions. The remaining muscular, subserosal, and serosal or adventitial layers of this species do not show any histologic differences to those of other Vertebrates. It was unexpected to find cholesterol inclusions in the fatty deposits of the cholecystocytes, similar to those noted in human cholesterolosis and in some forms of hypercholesterolemia, in this teleostean. In addition, aggregations of mitochondria and anomalous mitochondrial morphologies were found that resemble oncocytoma-like changes. Anat Rec, 294:1890Rec, 294: -1903Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 WileyLiss, Inc.

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“…The tetrameric holoenzyme in most vertebrate species tends to aggregate giving rise to crystalline inclusions in the matrix compartment of PO termed cores or nucleoids. However, this does not apply to PO in Wshes and amphibia, which have no cores albeit they exhibit UOx activity (Kramar et al 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Peroxisomes and reactive oxygen species, a lasting challenge

Angermüller

Islinger

Völkl

2009

Histochem Cell Biol

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Oxidases generating and enzymes scavenging H2O2 predestine peroxisomes (PO) to a pivotal organelle in oxygen metabolism. Catalase, the classical marker enzyme of PO, exhibits both catalytic and peroxidatic activity. The latter is responsible for the staining with 3,3'-diamino-benzidine, which greatly facilitated the visualization of the organelle and promoted further studies on PO. D-Amino acid oxidase catalyzes with strict stereospecificity the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids. The oxidase is significantly more active in the kidney than in liver and more in periportal than pericentral rat hepatocytes. Peroxisomes in these tissues differ in their enzyme activity and protein concentration not only in adjacent cells but even within the same one. Moreover, the enzyme appears preferentially concentrated in the central region of the peroxisomal matrix compartment. Urate oxidase, a cuproprotein catalyzing the oxidation of urate to allantoin, is confined to the peroxisomal core, yet is lacking in human PO. Recent experiments revealed that cores in rat hepatocytes appear in close association with the peroxisomal membrane releasing H2O2 generated by urate oxidase to the surrounding cytoplasma. Xanthine oxidase is exclusively located to cores, oxidizes xanthine thereby generating H2O2 and O2(-) radicals. The latter are converted to O2 and H2O2 by CuZn superoxide dismutase, which has been shown recently to be a bona fide peroxisomal protein.

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Peroxisomes in the liver of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) electron microscopic cytochemical and biochemical studies

Cited by 30 publications

References 20 publications

Ultrastructural alterations in the liver and intestine of carp Cyprinus carpio induced orally by ultra-low doses of endosulfan

Ultrastructural alterations in the liver and intestine of carp Cyprinus carpio induced orally by ultra-low doses of endosulfan

The Gallbladder ofUranoscopus ScaberL. (Teleost Perciform Fish) is Lined by Specialized Cholecystocytes

Peroxisomes and reactive oxygen species, a lasting challenge

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