Peroxisomes take shape

Abstract

Peroxisomes carry out various oxidative reactions that are tightly regulated to adapt to the changing needs of the cell and varying external environments. Accordingly, they are remarkably fluid and can change dramatically in abundance, size, shape and content in response to numerous cues. These dynamics are controlled by multiple aspects of peroxisome biogenesis that are coordinately regulated with each other and with other cellular processes. Ongoing studies are deciphering the diverse molecular mechanisms that underlie biogenesis and how they cooperate to dynamically control peroxisome utility. These important challenges should lead to an understanding of peroxisome dynamics that can be capitalized upon for bioengineering and the development of therapies to improve human health.

Nanofiber scaffolds influence organelle structure and function in bone marrow stromal cells

“…Peroxisomes contain 50 or more enzymes and play a key role in fatty acid catabolism. 63,64 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are a family of nuclear receptors that bind directly to fatty acids and are transcription factors that regulate expression of lipid-metabolizing enzymes. PPARs can regulate peroxisome proliferation and also play a role in adipogenic differentiation.…”

Interaction of Phospholipase A/Acyltransferase-3 with Pex19p

“…Peroxisomes are single membrane-surrounded organelles present in virtually all eukaryotic cells and are involved in a wide variety of metabolic events, including scavenging of peroxides and reactive oxygen species, the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids and branched chain fatty acids, and the biosynthesis of all ether-type lipid precursors (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). The physiological importance of peroxisomes has been confirmed by the analysis of a number of inherited diseases exhibiting peroxisome dysfunctions (6,7).…”

“…Peroxins, encoded by the PEX genes, are a series of proteins responsible for the biogenesis of peroxisomes, and their defects lead to the dysfunction of peroxisomes. So far, 31 peroxins have been reported, and they are involved in the generation and division of peroxisomes as well as the import of peroxisomal proteins (4,8). In humans, 14 peroxins have been identified and shown to link to peroxisome biogenesis disorders.…”

E3 ubiquitin ligase SP1 regulates peroxisome biogenesis in Arabidopsis

“…Peroxisome matrix proteins are imported from the cytosol by the evolutionarily conserved peroxins (PEX proteins) (3,14). In Arabidopsis, PEX5 and PEX7 are cytosolic receptors for peroxisome proteins that contain C-terminal PTS1 (peroxisome targeting signal type 1) and N-terminal PTS2 sequences, respectively (15,16).…”