Peroxo salts as initiators of vinyl polymerization, 5. Kinetics of polymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone by peroxodisulfate in aqueous solution. Effect of Ag+ and Cu2+ ions

Manickam, S. P.; Subbaratnam, N. R.; Venkatarao, K.

doi:10.1002/macp.1980.021811219

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Values corresponding to the slope of the linear fitting for the data were obtained. Such an increased dependence of the rate on the monomer may be an uncommon result but, from data available in the literature, one can show that, although an order of reaction of unity should be expected, a value greater than unity can be experienced in some conditions as reported for acrylic acid,31, 32 methyl methacrylate,33 acrylamide,34 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone,35 and sodium acrylate 36…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Free radical polymerization kinetics of monomers functionalized with AsO(OH)₂ in aqueous media

Percino

Chapela

Jiménez

2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The free radical polymerization kinetics of the isomer sodium salts of o-and p-methacryloylaminophenylarsonate in aqueous solution have been studied using a dilatometric method. The polymerizations, initiated with potassium persulfate, were carried out at a constant monomer initial concentration of 0.50 mol/L and the initiator initial concentration was fixed at one of the following: 1.00, 2.00, 5.00, 8.00, or 10.00 (ϫ 10 Ϫ3 mol/L). Another set of polymerizations were carried out at a constant initiator initial concentration of 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 mol/L and the monomer initial concentration was fixed at one of the following: 0.20, 0.30, 0.50, 0.70, or 1.00 (mol/L). The polymerization reactions were conducted isothermally at 70°C. The order with respect to initiator was consistent with the classical kinetic rate equation, while the order with respect to monomer was greater that unity. The effects of temperature on the polymerization rate were also investigated and the activation energy gave values of 20.66, 22.68, and 23.22 kcal mol Ϫ1 K Ϫ1over a temperature range of 50 -70°C. For the case of omethacryloylaminophenylarsonic acid monomer, its kinetic study was carried out in DMF as solvent and AIBN initiator. p-Methacryloylaminophenylarsonic acid was too insoluble in DMF to be studied. The polymers obtained were characterized by H-NMR, IR, and viscosity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Free radical polymerization kinetics of monomers functionalized with AsO(OH)₂ in aqueous media

Percino

Chapela

Jiménez

2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The free radical polymerization of water soluble monomer such as AA and acrylamide has been known to deviate from the standard free radical polymerization kinetics, especially in the rate dependence of monomer concentration. For example, the reaction order with respect to monomer concentration has been observed to vary between 1.24 and 1.49 . It is to be noted that the scope of this work does not include the kinetic analysis of polymerization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologies of microparticles of partially neutralized sodium polyacrylate by inverse suspension polymerization

Kim

Choi

2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The morphologies of sodium polyacrylate super absorbent polymer microparticles synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization at 658C are presented. The spherical polymer microparticles of 30-100 lm in diameter were prepared in a hydrocarbon medium with water soluble initiators in presence of a cross-linking agent and suspension stabilizer in a stirred batch reactor. A variety of microparticles morphology has been observed for different reaction conditions such as monomer/water ratio, reaction time, crosslinker type and concentration, hydrocarbon medium properties, and postreaction solvent washing. The observed polymer particle morphologies include highly deformed particles, spherical particles with smooth surfaces, spherical particles with wrinkled surfaces, particles with interior multihollows, highly porous particles, particles of empty core-shell structures, etc. Some of these particles with complex morphologies such as multihollow or porous interior can improve the water absorption efficiency of the polymer particles because water can penetrate the particle more effectively. The polymer particles with wrinkled particle surface, which is formed during the postreaction treatment process, can also enhance the water absorption rate because of its increased external surface area. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 00:000-000,

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“…The 1.5‐order [NVP] with ½‐order [initiator] dependencies of the polymerization rate are preserved, provided always deactivation occurs by mutual termination of the macroradicals. A multitude of kinetic observations including those on methacrylic acid,15 acrylic acid,16 and acrylamide17–20 are interpreted in terms of the cage model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of azo-initiated 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymerizations at low conversions in aqueous media

Cizravi¹,

Tay

Pon

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The free-radical polymerization behavior of 1-vinyl,2-pyrrolidone (NVP) was studied at low conversions, using capillary dilatometry. The aqueous media were kept at neutral pH and the studies were conducted isothermally, at 40 or 45°C. The azo-type initiators used were 4,4Ј-azobis-4-cyanopentanoic acid (ACPA), 2,2Ј-azobisisobutyronitrile (AZBN), and 2,2Ј-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane dihydrochloride] (ABDH). The monomer concentration and initiator concentration ranges were 1.17-2.34 mol L Ϫ1 and 1-8 mmol L Ϫ1, respectively. The rates of polymerization (R p ) and orders of reaction with respect to NVP and the initiator were evaluated and the kinetic equations were found to be R p ϰ

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Peroxo salts as initiators of vinyl polymerization, 5. Kinetics of polymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone by peroxodisulfate in aqueous solution. Effect of Ag⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Free radical polymerization kinetics of monomers functionalized with AsO(OH)₂ in aqueous media

Free radical polymerization kinetics of monomers functionalized with AsO(OH)₂ in aqueous media

Morphologies of microparticles of partially neutralized sodium polyacrylate by inverse suspension polymerization

Kinetics of azo-initiated 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymerizations at low conversions in aqueous media

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Peroxo salts as initiators of vinyl polymerization, 5. Kinetics of polymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone by peroxodisulfate in aqueous solution. Effect of Ag+ and Cu2+ ions

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Free radical polymerization kinetics of monomers functionalized with AsO(OH)2 in aqueous media

Free radical polymerization kinetics of monomers functionalized with AsO(OH)2 in aqueous media

Morphologies of microparticles of partially neutralized sodium polyacrylate by inverse suspension polymerization

Kinetics of azo-initiated 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymerizations at low conversions in aqueous media

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Product

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Peroxo salts as initiators of vinyl polymerization, 5. Kinetics of polymerization of N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone by peroxodisulfate in aqueous solution. Effect of Ag⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions

Free radical polymerization kinetics of monomers functionalized with AsO(OH)₂ in aqueous media

Free radical polymerization kinetics of monomers functionalized with AsO(OH)₂ in aqueous media