Peroxo salts as initiators of vinyl polymerization—2. Kinetics of polymerization of acrylic acid and sodium-acrylate by peroxodisulphate in aqueous solution—effect of pH and Ag+ catalysis

Kinetic study of acrylic acid solution polymerization

“…Clearly, below pH 6 the polymerization rate at constant monomer concentration (2.91 M) and initiator concentration ( function of the solution pH. This dependence is similar to that found previously for less highly concentrated systems (Zhao et al, 1995;Kabanov et al, 1973;Ito et al, 1955;Manickam et al, 1979) and can be explained in terms of the increasing importance of reactions and interactions between ionized species as the solution pH is raised. The overlap of the rate profiles for the pH 4.62 solution and the pH 5.28 solution is due to the fact that changes in rate behavior brought about by pH changes of less than one pH unit are on the order of the reproducibility limits of the experimental method (Scott, 1996).…”

Polyacrylic acid (poly-A) as a chelant and dispersant

“…13,14,26 Scott and Peppas 26 showed the unusual 3 ⁄2 dependence on monomer concentration at both acid and basic regimes, whereas the initiator dependence remains 1 ⁄2 during their studies on the kinetics of aqueous persulfate polymerization of acrylic acid. Ishige and Hamielec 27 and Riggs and Rodriguez 28 reported also a 3 ⁄2 dependence on monomer concentration for the case of aqueous persulfate polymerization of acrylamide.…”

“…10,11 The use of persulfate as an initiator is well documented. [11][12][13][14] Its major drawback is its lack of long-term stability in water 15,16 which is reflected by a decrease in the number of growing chain radicals produced as the persulfate solution ages. Thus, to prevent decomposition of the initiator, fresh solutions of the persulfate were always prepared prior to polymerization.…”

A Comprehensive Simulator/Database Package for Reviewing Free-Radical Homopolymerizations

“…Modeling, data, parameters Huizenga et al (1950)" Parameters Igarashi et al (1989) Ikegami (1964" Parameters Kabanov et al (1973Kabanov et al ( , 1975)" Kurland (1980)" Parameters Laborie (1977a,b) Modeling Lenka and Nayak (1987) Data Levy (1985) Data Manickam et al (1979)" Modeling, parameters Bhadani (1983, 1985) Data Plochocka (1981)"…”

“…This theory, combined with the model proposed by Katchalsky and Blauer (1951), enables one to simulate the polymerization of AA and MAA over the entire pH range. Manickam et al (1979) measured the rate of polymerization of acrylic acid in water over different pH ranges. The results on the rate of polymerization at low pH range (pH < 4.2) confirmed that dissociated monomer acid has a lower reactivity.…”