Peroxodisulfate generation on boron-doped diamond microelectrodes array and detection by scanning electrochemical microscopy

Abstract

In this work, the electrogeneration of peroxodisulfate from a 1 M H 2 SO 4 solution on boron-doped diamond microelectrodes array has been studied. The peroxodisulfate is detected at the vicinity of the boron doped diamond electrode, with the SECM probe, only when the polarization of the microarray is greater than 2.

Electrochemical oxidation of electrodialysed reverse osmosis concentrate on Ti/Pt–IrO2, Ti/SnO2–Sb and boron-doped diamond electrodes

“…Previously, a higher mineralisation of a model compound was achieved during anodic oxidation on BDD in the chloride-free medium (Murugananthan et al, 2008;Scialdone et al, 2009). In electrooxidation at BDD in the presence of SO 2À 4 , long-lived persulfate ions (S 2 O 2À 8 ) are generated via direct electron transfer and/or via reaction with the generated OH by forming sulfate radicals (SO $À 4 ) as intermediates (Khamis et al, 2010;Ozcan et al, 2008). Sulfate radical is an excellent one-electron oxidant, with a standard redox potential (E 0 ) of 2.6 V vs. SHE (Liang et al, 2007).…”

“…The measured total HAAs and total THMs concentrations were 13.6 and 1.9 mM in Na 2 SO 4 , and 1.1 and 0.2 mM, in NaNO 3, respectively. This could be explained by the oxidation of Cl À to reactive chloro-species in the bulk by S 2 O 2À 8 ions, and/or in the vicinity of the electrode surface by SO $À 4 radicals (Khamis et al, 2010;Provent et al, 2004). Therefore, bulk electrochlorination and formation of THMs and HAAs is enhanced in the presence of sulfate through indirect oxidation.…”

Diamond Ultramicro- and Nano-electrode Arrays

“…nitrate, 4-nitrophenol [49][50][51], Cr(VI) ions, Ag(I) ions, sulphate, peroxodisulfate [43], hydrogen peroxide [55]), for bio-detections (e.g. detection of dopamine [44][45][46][47][48], neuronal activity measurements [52,53], quantal catecholamine secretion from chromaffine cells [54]), and for the generation and detection of peroxidisulfate with the aid of scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) [59]. We have shown that dopamine can be sensitively and selectively detected on diamond ultramicroelectrode arrays in the presence of ascorbic acid [55].…”

Boron doped diamond microelectrodes arrays for electrochemical detection in HPLC

“…Several hundreds of reviews [26], [27] and [28] were published on applications of these electrodes in cyclic voltammetry for the analysis of pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceutical products [29], [30] and [31]. The conductive diamond was also used to manufacture electrodes for electrochemical detection in HPLC and flow injection [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37] and [38] electrochemical reactions [39].…”

“…The applications were extended to arrays of microelectrodes [39], [40] and [41]. The techniques employed for manufacturing the diamond arrays of electrodes where more or less sophisticated, from photolithography up to pattern the isolation surface with a powerful laser beam [42].…”